The final results for Example 14.1 are shown in Figure 14.3. The
cell contents were centered using the center button (icon) from
the Toolbar.Absolute Cell Reference, Relative Cell Reference,
and Mixed Cell Reference
When creating formulas you have to be careful how you refer to the address of a cell, especially
if you are planning to use the Fillcommand to copy the pattern of formulas, in the other cells.
There are three ways that you can refer to a cell address in a formula:absolute,relative, and
mixed reference.
To better understand the differences among the absolute, relative, and mixed reference,
consider the examples shown in Figure 14.4. As the name implies,absolute referenceis
absolute, meaning it does not change when the Fillcommand is used to copy the formula into
other cells. Absolute reference to a cell is made by $column-letter$row-number. For example,
$A$3 will always refer to the content of cell A3, regardless of how the formula is copied. In
the example shown, cell A3 contains the value 1000, and if we were to input the formula
0.06* $A$3 in cell B3, the result would be 60. Now if we were to use the Fillcommand and
copy the formula down in cells B4 through B11, this would result in a value of 60 appearing
in cells B4 through B11, as shown in Figure 14.4(a).
On the other hand, if we were to make arelative referenceto A3, that would change
the formula when the Fillcommand is used to copy the formula into other cells. To make a426 Chapter 14 Electronic Spreadsheets
■Figure 14.3 The final result for Example 14.1.
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