Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to Engineering, 4th ed.c

70 Chapter 3 Introduction to Engineering Design

Medical devices and services

General methods and instrumentation

General products, chemical specialities, and end-use products

ASTM Standards are becoming available on CD-ROM and on-line. ASTM also publishes a

number of journals:

Cement, Concrete &Aggregates

Geotechnical Testing Journal

Journal of Composites Technology and Research

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Journal of Testing and Evaluation

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Losses from fires total billions of dollars per year. Fire, formally defined as a process during

which rapid oxidization of a material occurs, gives off radiant energy that can not only be

felt but also seen. Fires can be caused by malfunctioning electrical systems, hot surfaces, and

overheated materials. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a not-for-profit orga-

nization that was established in 1896 to provide codes and standards to reduce the burden of

fire. The NFPA publishes theNational Electrical Code

®

, theLife Safety Code

®

, theFire Preven-

tion Code™, theNational Fuel Gas Code

®

, and theNational Fire Alarm Code

®

. It also provides
training and education.

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

The Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is a nonprofit organization that performs product

safety tests and certifications. Founded in 1894, today Underwriters Laboratories has laborato-

ries in the United States, England, Denmark, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Singapore, and

Taiwan. Its certification mark is one of the most recognizable marks on products.

3.13 Examples of International Standards and Codes:

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

As the name implies, the International Organization for Standardization, established in 1947,

consists of a federation of national standards from various countries. The International Orga-

nization for Standardization promotes and develops standards that can be used by all countries

in the world, with the objective of facilitating standards that allow for free, safe exchange of

goods, products, and services among countries. It is recognized by its abbreviation, or short

form, ISO, which is derived from ‘isos,’ a Greek word meaning “equal.” As you take more engi-

neering classes, you will see the prefixisoin many engineering terms; for example,isobar, mean-

ing equal pressure, orisotherm, meaning equal temperature. ISO was adopted instead of

International Organization of Standards (IOS) so that there would not be any nonuniformity

in the way the abbreviation is presented in other languages.

Source:Courtesy of

Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

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