Building Materials, Third Edition

(Jacob Rumans) #1



    1. Principal Properties of Building Materials Preface to the First Edition vii

      • 1.1 Introduction

      • 1.2 Physical Properties

      • 1.3 Mechanical Properties

      • 1.4 Characteristic Behaviour under Stress

        • Exercises









    1. Structural Clay Products

      • 2.1 Introduction

      • 2.2 Clay and its Classifications

      • 2.3 Physical Properties of Clays

      • 2.4 Bricks

      • 2.5 Classification of Bricks

      • 2.6 Characteristics of Good Brick

      • 2.7 Ingredients of Good Brick Earth

      • 2.8 Harmful Substances in Brick Earth

      • 2.9 Manufacturing of Bricks





    • 2.10 Different Forms of Bricks

    • 2.11 Testing of Bricks

    • 2.12 Defects of Bricks

    • 2.13 Heavy Duty Burnt Clay Bricks (IS: 2180)

    • 2.14 Burnt Clay Perforated Bricks (IS : 2222)

    • 2.15 Burnt Clay Paving Bricks (IS : 3583)

    • 2.16 Burnt Clay Soling Bricks (IS : 5779)

    • 2.17 Burnt Clay Hollow Blocks (IS : 3952)

    • 2.18 Burnt Clay Jallis (IS: 7556)

    • 2.19 Clay Tiles

    • 2.21 Fire-clay Bricks or Refractory Bricks

    • 2.22 Terracotta

    • 2.23 Porcelain x Building Materials

    • 2.24 Stoneware

    • 2.25 Earthenware

    • 2.26 Majolica

    • 2.27 Glazing

    • 2.28 Application of Clay Products

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Rocks and Stones

      • 3.1 Introduction

      • 3.2 Rock-forming Minerals

      • 3.3 Classification of Rocks

      • 3.4 Quarrying of Stones

      • 3.5 Natural Bed of Stone

      • 3.6 Seasoning of Stone

      • 3.7 Dressing of Stone

      • 3.8 Uses of Stones

      • 3.9 Characteristics of good Building Stone





    • 3.10 Testing of Stones

    • 3.11 Deterioration of Stones

    • 3.12 Durability of Stones

    • 3.13 Preservation of Stones

    • 3.14 Selection of Stones

    • 3.15 Common Building Stones

    • 3.16 Artificial Stones

    • 3.17 Applications of Stones

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Wood and Wood Products

      • 4.1 Introduction

      • 4.2 Classification of Trees

      • 4.3 Growth of Trees

      • 4.4 Classification of Timber (IS: 399)

      • 4.5 Structure of Timber

      • 4.6 Characteristics of good Timber

      • 4.7 Seasoning of Timber

      • 4.8 Defects in Timber

      • 4.9 Diseases of Timber





    • 4.10 Decay of Timber

    • 4.11 Preservation of Timber (IS: 401)

    • 4.12 Fire Resistance of Timber

    • 4.13 Testing of Timber (IS: 1708)

    • 4.14 Suitability of Timber for Specific Uses

    • 4.15 Properties of Wood

    • 4.16 Wood Products

    • 4.17 Applications of Wood and Wood-products Contents xi

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Materials for Making Concrete-I Cement

      • 5.1 Introduction

      • 5.2 Portland Cement

      • 5.3 Chemical Composition of Raw Materials

      • 5.4 Composition of Cement Clinker

      • 5.5 Hydration of Cement

      • 5.6 Rate of Hydration

      • 5.7 Water Requirement for Hydration

      • 5.8 Manufacture of Cement

      • 5.9 Testing of Cement





    • 5.10 Types of Cement

    • 5.11 Storage of Cement

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Materials for Making Concrete-II Aggregates

      • 6.1 Introduction

      • 6.2 Classification of Aggregates

      • 6.3 Characteristics of Aggregate

      • 6.4 Deleterious Materials and Organic Impurities

      • 6.5 Soundness

      • 6.6 Alkali-Aggregate Reaction

      • 6.7 Thermal Properties of Aggregate

      • 6.8 Fine Aggregate

      • 6.9 Coarse Aggregate





    • 6.10 Cinder Aggregates

    • 6.11 Broken Brick Coarse Aggregate

    • 6.12 Testing of Aggregates

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Materials for Making Concrete-III Water

      • 7.1 Introduction

      • 7.2 Quality of Mixing Water

      • 7.3 Effect of Mixing Water from Different Sources

      • 7.4 Water for Washing Aggregates

      • 7.5 Curing Water

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Materials for Making Concrete-IV Lime

      • 8.1 Introduction

      • 8.2 Impurities in Limestones

        • 8.3 Classification xii Building Materials

        • 8.4 Manufacture

        • 8.5 Slaking

        • 8.6 Hardening

        • 8.7 Lime Putty and Coarse Stuff

        • 8.8 Testing

        • 8.9 Storage

        • 8.10 Precautions in Handling

        • 8.11 Lime Vs. Cement

          • Exercises

          • Objective Type Questions











      1. Puzzolanas

        • 9.1 Introduction

        • 9.2 Classification

        • 9.3 The Activity of Puzzolana

        • 9.4 Effects of Natural Puzzolanas

        • 9.5 Applications

        • 9.6 Fly Ash

        • 9.7 Calcined Clay Puzzolana (Surkhi)

        • 9.8 Ground Blast Furnace Slag

        • 9.9 Silica Fume

        • 9.10 Rice Husk Ash

          • Exercises

          • Objective Type Questions











    1. Concrete

      • 10.1 Introduction

      • 10.2 Classification

      • 10.3 Production

      • 10.4 Water-cement Ratio

      • 10.5 Gel-space Ratio

      • 10.6 Strength of Concrete

      • 10.7 Maturity

      • 10.8 Workability

      • 10.9 Durability

      • 10.10 Defects

        • 10.11 Revibration



      • 10.12 Physical Properties

      • 10.13 Proportioning

      • 10.14 Non-destructive Testing

      • 10.15 Rheology

      • 10.16 Determination of Cement Content in Hardened Portland Cement Concrete

      • 10.17 Admixtures for Concrete (IS: 9103-1999)

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Concrete Mix Design Contents xiii

      • 11.1 Introduction

      • 11.2 Principles of Mix Design

      • 11.3 Ingredients of the Mix

      • 11.4 Acceptance Criteria

      • 11.5 Proportioning the Ingredients

      • 11.6 IS Method of Mix Design

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Building Mortars

      • 12.1 Introduction

      • 12.2 Classification

      • 12.3 Characteristics of Good Mortar

      • 12.4 Functions of Ingredients

      • 12.5 Cement Mortar

      • 12.6 Lime Mortar

      • 12.7 Surkhi Mortar

      • 12.8 Lime-Cement Mortar

      • 12.9 Mud Mortar





    • 12.10 Special Mortars

      • 12.11 Selection of Mortar



    • 12.12 Testing

    • 12.13 Grout

    • 12.14 Guniting

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Ferrous Metals

      • 13.1 Introduction

      • 13.2 Structures of Ferrous Metal

      • 13.3 Iron

      • 13.4 Pig Iron

      • 13.5 Cast Iron

      • 13.6 Wrought Iron

      • 13.7 Steel

      • 13.8 Rolled Steel Sections

      • 13.9 Reinforcing Steel Bars





    • 13.10 Rusting and Corrosion

      • 13.11 Tensile Testing of Steel Sections (IS: 1608)



    • 13.12 Alloy Steel

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Non-Ferrous Metals

      • 14.1 Introduction

      • 14.2 Aluminium

      • 14.3 Copper xiv Building Materials

      • 14.4 Zinc

      • 14.5 Lead

      • 14.6 Tin

      • 14.7 Nickel

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Ceramic Materials

      • 15.1 Introduction

      • 15.2 Classification of Ceramic

      • 15.3 Refractories

      • 15.4 Glass

      • 15.5 Glass Wool

      • 15.6 Polymorphism in Ceramic Materials

      • 15.7 Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Phases

      • 15.8 Thermal Properties of Ceramic Phases

      • 15.9 Electrical Properties of Ceramic Phases

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Polymeric Materials

      • 16.1 Introduction

      • 16.2 Polymerisation Mechanism

      • 16.3 Depolymerisation

      • 16.4 Rubbers

      • 16.5 Plastics

      • 16.6 Constituents of Plastics

      • 16.7 Fabrication of Commercial Articles from Plastics

      • 16.8 Applications of Plastics

      • 16.9 Properties of Plastics





    • 16.10 Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Paints, Enamels and Varnishes

      • 17.1 Introduction

      • 17.2 Composition of Oil Paint

      • 17.3 Characteristics of an Ideal Paint

      • 17.4 Preparation of Paint

      • 17.5 Covering Power of Paints

      • 17.6 Pigment Volume Concentration (P.V.C.)

      • 17.7 Painting Plastered Surfaces

      • 17.8 Painting Wood Surfaces

      • 17.9 Painting Metal Surfaces





    • 17.10 Defects

      • 17.11 Enamel



    • 17.12 Distemper Contents xv

    • 17.13 Water Wash and Colour Wash

    • 17.14 Varnish

    • 17.15 French Polish

    • 17.16 Wax Polish

    • 17.17 Miscellaneous Paints

      • Exercises

      • Objective Type Questions







    1. Tar, Bitumen and Asphalt

      • 18.1 Introduction

      • 18.2 Bitumen

      • 18.3 Tar

      • 18.4 Pitch

      • 18.5 Asphalt

      • 18.6 The Choice of Product

      • 18.7 General Properties

      • 18.8 Testing

      • 18.9 Applications of Bituminous Materials

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Gypsum

      • 19.1 Introduction

      • 19.2 Effect of Heat and Moisture

      • 19.3 Setting and Hardening

      • 19.4 Classification

      • 19.5 Manufacture

      • 19.6 Plaster of Paris or Stucco

      • 19.7 Gypsum Wall Plasters

      • 19.8 Hard Finish Plaster

      • 19.9 Gypsum Plaster Boards





    • 19.10 Non-load Bearing Gypsum Partition Blocks

      • 19.11 Pyrocell

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









    1. Special Cements and Cement Concretes

      • 20.1 Introduction

      • 20.2 Acid-resistant Cements

      • 20.3 Expanding Cements

      • 20.4 Oil-Well Cement

      • 20.5 Reinforced Cement Concrete

      • 20.6 Prestressed Concrete

      • 20.7 Polymer Concrete

      • 20.8 Fibre Reinforced Concrete

      • 20.9 Ferrocement

      • 20.10 Light Weight Concrete xvi Building Materials

        • 20.11 High Strength Concrete



      • 20.12 Shrinkage Compensating Concrete

      • 20.13 Heavyweight Concrete

      • 20.14 Roller Compacted Concrete

      • 20.15 Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC)

      • 20.16 Self-compacting Concrete

      • 20.17 Shotcrete

      • 20.18 High-performance Concrete

      • 20.19 Bacterial Concrete

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions









      1. Miscellaneous Materials

        • 21.1 Adhesives

        • 21.2 Asbestos

        • 21.3 Linoleum

        • 21.4 Thermocol

        • 21.5 Heat Insulating Materials

        • 21.6 Sound Insulating Materials

        • 21.7 Water Proofing Materials

        • 21.8 Fiber

        • 21.9 Geosynthetics





      • 21.10 Sand Lime Brick (IS:4139)

        • 21.11 Smart Materials



      • 21.12 Composite Materials

        • Exercises

        • Objective Type Questions







  • Appendix-I

  • Appendix-II Lime-puzzolana Mixtures

  • Index Industrial Bitumen for Use in Buildings

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