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Clay products are one of the most important classes of structural materials. The raw materials
used in their manufacture are clay blended with quartz, sand, chamatte (refractory clay burned
at 1000–1400°C and crushed), slag, sawdust and pulverized coal. Structural clay products or
building ceramics* are basically fabricated by moulding, drying and burning a clay mass.
Higher the bulk specific gravity, the stronger is the clay product. This rule does not hold good
for vitrified products since the specific gravity of clay decreases as vitrification advances.
Bulk specific gravity of clay brick ranges from 1.6 to 2.5.
According to the method of manufacture and structure, bricks, tiles, pipes, terracotta,
earthenwares, stonewares, porcelain, and majolica are well recognized and employed in building
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