Building Materials, Third Edition

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r!X The total of holes, which need not be small, may exceed 25 per cent of the volume of
the brick.

g—X Holes closed at one end exceed 20 per cent of the volume.

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The essential requirements for building bricks are sufficient strength in crushing, regularity in
size, a proper suction rate, and a pleasing appearance when exposed to view.

ƒ" — ƒ—#X The bricks should have uniform size and plane, rectangular surfaces with
parallel sides and sharp straight edges.

gX The brick should have a uniform deep red or cherry colour as indicative of uniformity
in chemical composition and thoroughness in the burning of the brick.

„$ — g#—™X The surfaces should not be too smooth to cause slipping of mortar.
The brick should have precompact and uniform texture. A fractured surface should not show
fissures, holes grits or lumps of lime.

r— — ƒX The brick should be so hard that when scratched by a finger nail no
impression is made. When two bricks are struck together, a metallic sound should be produced.

‡— e˜# should not exceed 20 per cent of its dry weight when kept immersed in
water for 24 hours.

g ƒ should not be less than 10 N/mm^2.

f™ i— should be free from stones, kankars, organic matter, saltpetre, etc.

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For the preparation of bricks, clay or other suitable earth is moulded to the desired shape after
subjecting it to several processes. After drying, it should not shrink and no crack should develop.
The clay used for brick making consists mainly of silica and alumina mixed in such a proportion
that the clay becomes plastic when water is added to it. It also consists of small proportions of
lime, iron, manganese, sulphur, etc. The proportions of various ingredients are as follows:

Silica 50–60%

Alumina 20–30%

Lime 10%

Magnesia < 1%

Ferric oxide < 7%

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Less than 20%

Alkalis < 10%

Carbon dioxide

Sulphur trioxide

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Very small percentage

Water