Building Materials, Third Edition

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selecting a quarry site, the points to be borne in mind are availability of sufficient quantity of
the stone of desired quality, proper transportation facilities, cheap local labour, problems
associated with drainage of rain water, location of important and permanent structures in the
vicinity and site for dumping refuse.

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Some of the quarrying tools shown in Fig. 3.3 are wedge, pin, hammer, dipper or scraping
spoon, tamping bar, priming needle, jumper, borer, claying iron, crow bar.

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Rocks suitable for the manufacture of stone materials are called useful minerals and the operations
involved in obtaining minerals are called mining. In the process of mining, voids formed are
called excavations, and the mined deposits are the quarries. The purpose of quarrying is to
obtain stones for various engineering purposes. A knowledge of various quarrying methods is
essential but does not make one very much more competent to choose or specify a stone for
building work. Depending upon the nature and surface of rocks and the purpose for which
stones are needed, quarrying is done by excavating, wedging, heating or blasting.