VP f2w
q- Natural stones materials, possessing high resistance to atmospheric agents, high
mechanical strength and pleasant colours are widely used in construction as slabs for
walls and foundations of buildings and installations, as facing slabs and stones for
exterior and interior walls of buildings and installations, for roads, side walks, piers,
unloading walls and other structures, where mechanical strength, durability and
decorative requirements are of concern. - Foundations and walls of underground parts of buildings are made from quarry, split and
sawn stones from igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Prefabricated items and
materials, intended for foundations and underground walls, should be manufactured
from homogeneous stone with no traces of weathering, streaks of clay, stratification, or
cracks. Piece stones, sawn and split from limestones, dolomite, sandstones and volcanic
tuffs are used for aboveground walls (piers of bridges, embankment and side slope
reinforcements, retaining walls) and for working to crushed stone. - Slabs for floors and facing of walls are rectangular, their dimensions depending on the
kind of rock and the face finish. Thicknesses of items should be not less than: “rock” face,
150 mm; pointed, tooled and fluted, 60 mm; polished, 12 mm. Slabs are manufactured in
a variety of sizes, from 200 to 400 mm in width and from 300 to 1000 mm in length.
Stronger rocks go for larger slabs, and the weaker rocks, for smaller slabs. - Facing slabs and stones, parts of stairs and landings, parapets and guard rails are made
of slabs sawn or split form natural stone and worked by mechanical means. Rocks used
for the manufacture of slabs should have a compressive strength of not less than 5 Mpa
and a coefficient of softening between 0.7 and 0.9. Elements of stairs and landings,
parapets and guard rails are manufactured form marble, limestone, tuffs, granite, syenite
and other rocks, and are given various finishes depending on the kind of rock similarly
to facing slabs. - Pedestal slabs and stones for framing doorways, belts of cornices, corner and window-
sill slabs fall into the category of profile wall facing elements. They are manufactured
from the same material as the facing slabs and finished in a great variety of ways. - The materials and items from natural stones used in road construction are curbstones,
paving blocks, bewn stone or cobblestone, crushed stone, sand and mineral powder.
Materials and items for road construction are obtained from igneous and sedimentary rocks.
g are intended to separate roadways form sidewalks in the streets, on bridges
and in tunnels of mixed traffic. In shape, a curbstone is a slab 70 to 200 cm long with a
sloped or vertical front face. These are available in high (40 cm) and low (30 cm) sizes,
their widths at the tip being 10, 15 and 20 cm.
2
2% are cut or hewn slabs 10 to 16 cm high, 12 to 15 cm wide and 15 to
25 cm long, close in shape to parallelopiped, with rectangular face surfaces. Compressive
strength of the source rock should not be lower than 100 Mpa and the water absorption,
not higher than 0.6%. It is used for pavements (particularly for steep slopes), tramcar
track beds, tramcar landings, etc.
g22is used to reinforce slopes of earthworks and banks of water basins, for
road surfaces and bed courses. Cut stones are close in shape to a polyhedral prism or a
truncated pyramid with face areas of 100, 200 and 400 cm^2 and heights of 16, 20 and 30
cm, respectively. Faces and beds should be parallel, their sides should be smooth, so as