- Sleep and Wakefulness 445
Pineal glandOptic
ChiasmDescending
hypothalamo-
spinal
pathwaySuprachiasmatic
nucleusParaventricular
nucleusSuperior
cervical
Retino- ganglion
hypothalamic
pathwayMelatonin
production
& releasePresympathetic
fibersPostsympathetic
fibersDRAWING 25-2 Suprachiasmatic Circuitry