400 INDEX
benchmarks 4, 18, 37, 163, 192,
198–199, 201, 202, 228, 229, 230,
233, 260, 271, 282, 335, 345, 360,
375–376, 380, 383
bills of exchange 146, 149
building blocks 75, 247–248, 249,
251, 261, 360, 362, 367
business risk 128, 194, 277,
284–285, 361
C
capital adequacy requirement
(CAR) 304–310
capital markets 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 94,
113, 114, 115–116, 119–129, 137,
151, 156, 173–205, 208, 209, 225,
229–230, 232, 233, 245, 246, 263,
265, 266, 268, 272, 275, 312, 344,
360, 361, 373, 375, 376, 379, 385
CAR standard formula 309
CAR Supervisory Discretion
formula 309
challenges 9, 11, 20, 21, 73, 74, 132,
167, 169, 171, 174, 179–180, 200,
202–205, 223–224, 228, 238, 246,
251, 252, 254, 257–259, 260, 288,
290, 291, 297–298, 301, 320, 321,
340, 351–363, 365–392
Christianity and interest 71–72
collateral 77, 81, 84, 85, 92, 93, 107,
124, 128, 136, 151, 170, 199, 212,
213, 281, 297, 309, 312, 369, 380
commenda 96, 105, 109
commodity funds 180–181
competition 25, 38, 43–44, 171, 202,
228, 272, 275, 343, 359, 361, 372
compliance 4, 7, 9, 21, 23, 30–32, 39,
43, 48, 52, 57, 100, 101, 110, 131,
132, 164, 179, 180, 199, 200, 212,
249, 252, 276, 277, 294, 301, 311,
322, 324, 328, 333, 334, 335, 338,
339, 340, 341–342, 343, 347, 362,
377, 386, 387
compounding of interest 59
concentrated banking 171–172
concept of work 39
confi dentiality 338, 339
consolidation 275, 362, 366
consumer loans 59
contracts 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 23, 30,
33, 35–39, 40, 45, 47, 57, 63, 64,
65, 68–69, 71, 74, 75–85, 88–90, 91,
92–95, 96, 97, 99, 102–104, 105,
106–107, 109, 110, 116, 117–119,
122, 130, 135, 138, 152, 155, 158,
159, 160, 162, 167, 173, 175, 181,
183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191,
199–200, 201, 205, 207, 209, 211,
213, 214, 242, 248–249, 250, 255,
259, 261–265, 266, 279, 281–283,
284, 288, 291–292, 293, 294, 297,
299, 300–301, 302, 307, 321, 324,
325, 326, 330–331, 332, 333, 334,
337, 338, 339, 346, 352, 354–359,
363, 368, 371, 372, 388
contracts and governance 330–331
contractual obligations 36–37, 45–46,
49, 200, 291, 330, 331, 334, 347
controls 48, 62, 68, 90–91, 115, 126,
211, 262, 276, 296, 338, 345, 358,
359, 361, 362, 363
cooperation 4, 23, 30, 31, 39, 43–44,
101, 105, 106, 107, 123, 174, 204,
258, 316, 324, 352, 372
corporate governance 13, 19, 21,
239, 300, 323–347, 363, 372, 373,
384, 385
credit risk 84, 85, 92, 93, 124,
128, 141, 194, 199, 225, 240,
245, 246, 247, 267, 279–281, 282,
283, 297, 305, 307, 308, 309, 312,
313, 321
currency swap 266–269D
debt fi nancing 67–68, 105, 106,
109, 110, 121, 122, 162, 176, 355,
356, 377