Machin KL (2005) Avian analgesia. Sem Avian Exot Pet Med 14:236–242
Mama KR, Pascoe PJ, Steffey EP (1992) Evaluation of the interaction of mu and kappa opioid
agonists on locomotor behaviour in the horse. Can J Vet Res 57:106–109
Manning AM, Rush J, Ellis DR (1997) Physical therapy for critically ill veterinary patients. II The
musculo-skeletal system. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 19:803–807
Markham A, Faulds D (1996) Ropivacaine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in
regional anaesthesia. Drugs 52:429–449
Martin BB, Klide AM (1987) Use of acupuncture for the treatment of chronic back pain in horses
stimulation of acupuncture points with saline solution injections. J Am Vet Med Assoc
190:1177–1180
McGeown D, Danbury TC, Waterman-Pearson AE, Kestin SC (1999) Effect of carprofen on
lameness in broiler chickens. Vet Rec 144:668–671
McKellar QA, Delatour P, Lees P (1994) Stereospecific pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
of carprofen in the dog. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 17:447–454
McMahon SB, Cafferty WBJ, Marchand F (2005) Immune and glial cell factors as pain mediators
and modulators. Exp Neurol 125:444–462
McMillan C, Livingston A, Clarke CR, Dowling PM, Taylor SM, Duke T, Terlinden R (2008)
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous tramadol in dogs. Can J Vet Res 72:325–331
Mellor D, Stafford KJ (2004) Animal welfare implications of neonatal mortality and morbidity in
farm animals. Vet J 168:118–133
Mendl M, Burman O, Laughlin K, Paul E (2001) Animal memory and animal welfare. Anim Welf
10:S141–S159
Mersky H, Bogduk H (eds) (1994) Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain
syndromes and definitions of pain terms. IASP, Seattle
Millis DL, Levine D (1997) The role of exercise and physical modalities in the treatment of
osteoarthritis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:913–930
Mittleman E, Gaynor JS (2000) A brief overview of the analgesic and immunologic effects of
acupuncture in domestic animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1201–1205
Mizisin AP, Nelson RW, Sturges BK, Vernau KM, Lecouteur RA, Williams DC, Burgers ML,
Shelton GD (2007) Comparable myelinated nerve pathology in feline and human diabetes
mellitus. Acta Neuropathol 113:431–432
Mogil J (ed) (2004) The genetics of pain. IASP, Seattle
Moon P, Suter CM (1993) Paravertebral thoracolumbar anesthesia in ten horses. Equine Vet J
25:304–308
Morris TH (1995) Antibiotic therapeutics in laboratory animals. Lab Anim 29:16–36
Morton AJ, Campbell NB, Gayle JM, Redding WR, Blikslager AT (2005) Preferential and non-
selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors reduce inflammation during lipopolysaccharide-induced
synovitis. Res Vet Sci 78:189–192
Mosley CAE (2005) Anesthesia and analgesia in reptiles. Sem Avian Exot Pet Med 14:243–262
Murrell JC, Johnson CB (2006) Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals. J Vet
Pharmacol Ther 29:325–335
Nolan AM (2000) Pharmacology of analgesic drugs. In: Flecknell P, Waterman-Pearson A (eds)
Pain management in animals. Saunders, London, pp 21–52
Nolan AM, Livingston A, Waterman AE (1986) The effects of alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists on
airway pressure in anaesthetised sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 9:157–163
Nolan A, Livingston A, Morris R, Waterman A, Nolan A (1987a) Techniques for comparison of
thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimuli in sheep. J Pharmacol Methods 17:39–49
Nolan A, Livingston A, Waterman A (1987b) Antinociceptive actions of alpha 2 adrenceptors in
sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 10:702–709
Nutt P (1962) Brachial plexus analgesia in the dog. Vet Rec 74:874–876
Ogunleye DS (2001) Investigation of racial variation in the metabolism of tramadol. Eur J Drug
Metab Pharmacokinet 26:95–98
Pain and Analgesia in Domestic Animals 187