Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology

Table 1

(continued)

Mechanism of action

Drug

Activity

Bacterial effect

Duration ofin vitro PAE

PDparameter

Alter nucleic acid metabolism:

inhibit DNA gyrase, thuspreventing transcription andreplication

Fluoroquinolone

Cidal

Concentration-

dependent

Prolonged

AUC

24

/

MIC

Cmax

/ MIC

Agents that act as anti-

metabolites (e.g. blockfolate metabolism byinhibiting dihydrofolatereductase)

Trimethoprim

Static aloneCidal with sulfonamides

Time-dependent

Brief

a

T>

MIC

Sulfonamides (PABA analogue) Static

Time-dependent

Brief

a

T>

MIC

Inhibits initiation of protein

synthesis (at 50s ribosomalsubunit

Oxazolidinones(e.g. Linezolid)

Static (staphs and

enterococci)

Cidal (most streps)

Time-dependent

Brief

a

T>

MIC

Depolarizes bacterial cell

membrane

b

Cyclic Lipopeptide(e.g. Daptomycin)

Cidal (Gram +)

Concentration-

dependent

Prolonged

(>

6.8 h)

AUC

24

/

MIC

Cmax

/ MIC

aBrief equals less than an hour, prolonged may be up to 6 hbUnique mechanism of action leads to a near absence of microbial resistance

232 M. Martinez and P. Silley