Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology

Types of prohibited substances (Hazard) Arguments supporting the step

Medications

Doping agents Endogenous

(hormones)

Dietary & environmental

contaminants

1-Societal values

(fairness, level playing field

ethics, animal welfare...)

2-Policy - Regulation

3- Risk analysis

Control of drug exposure (EHSLC approach)

Exposure assessment

(population survey)

3.1-Risk assessment

(science)

Zero tolerance approach

for exposure

Selection of statistical risk to

establish a cutoff value to

predict exposure

In house analytical cutoff

threshold

(cocaine, morphine) 3.3-Risk

communication

Permanent

refinement of

analytical methods

(parent compounds,

metabolites...)

Published

international

threshold

(hormones)

Published

international

or regional....

(theobromine)

Recommendation to food

manufacturers to improve

quality control

3.2-Risk

management

(scientifically

sound)

Types of prohibited substances (Hazard) Arguments supporting the step

Doping agents

Dietary & environmental

contaminants Medications

1-Societal values (fairness,

level playing field ethics,

animal welfare...

Control of drug effect 2-Policy - Regulation

Endogenous

(hormones)

3-Risk analysis

(EHSLC approach)

Systemic

(e.g. NSAID) Systemic & Non Systemic (e.g. local anesthetics)Non Systemic

(e.g. corticosteroids)

• A single plasma drug concentration can
  be an univocal biomarker of drug effect


• Urine is a surrogate of plasma

A single plasma or urine

concentration cannot be an

univocal biomarker of drug effect

Determination of irrelevant plasma and urine

concentration (IPC & IUC) using a PK/PD approach ascertained from PK/PDAn IPC/IUC cannot be

Decision of a HSL i.e. of In house LOD

a cutoff concentration

that guarantees no effect

Agreed operational HSL

for the control of good

some exposureControl of veterinary practices

3.3-Risk

communication

Establishment of a detection time by

racing organization using HSL

Recommendation of a withholding time by the treating veterinarian

(detection time + safety span)

Establishment of a DT corresponding to

selected good veterinary practices

3.1-Risk assessment

(science)

3.2-Risk

management

(scientifically

sound)

a

b

328 P.‐L. Toutain