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NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 49 Since industrial nitration occurs, in most cases, in two-phase system a number of workers have ...

50 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES R. J. GILLESPIE and D. J. MILLEN, Quart. Revs. 2, 277 (1948). V. H. VELEY and J. J. M ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 51 50b. M. USANOVICH and I. GLUKHOV, Zh. obshch. khim. 10, 227 (1940). 50e. M. USANOVICH and T. S ...

52 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES T. G. BONNER, F. BOWYER and G. WILLIAMS, J. Chem. Soc. 1953, 2650. C. A. BUNTON, E. A ...

CHAPTER II NITRATION THEORIES THERE are two main theories concerning the nitration of hydrocarbons by means of the nitrating age ...

(^54) CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Here it is not water but sulphuric acid which is given off. This view Michael confi ...

NITRATION THEORIES^55 This was based on infra-red absorption spectra which show frequencies of the oxonium ion bond (O+-H, ca. 2 ...

56 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES (7) V The addition of a nitric acid molecule to the double bond was first studied by K ...

NITRATION THEORIES 57 Taking this into account, Tronov [14,15,16] and Nametkin and Zabrodina [16a] advanced another idea, simila ...

58 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Lauer and Oda [20] assumed the existence of nitracidium sulphate (according to Hantzsc ...

NITRATION THEORIES 59 Thus, there is evidence that such addition is probable and it seems to confirm the basic scheme of Thiele- ...

60 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES From bornylene they obtained isoborneol (V) and epiborneol (VI) nitrates: H. Kuczynski ...

NITRATION THEORIES 61 A still more powerful brominating agent is the free Br+ ion, which is probably formed in the presence of f ...

62 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES according to Titov were all the molecules and ions in equilibrium, viz.: NO 2 +, NO-ON ...

NITRATION THEORIES 63 Recently Ingold and his co-workers [40] summarized the results of their investigations [41-48] into the th ...

64 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES kinetics will be considered from another viewpoint-that of the influence of various su ...

NITRATION THEORIES 65 Similar results have been obtained in the nitration of chlorobenzene, as shown in Table 4. TABLE 4 Tempera ...

(^66) CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES for example, in nitrating toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids they ...

NITRATION THEORIES^67 Gillespie and Millen [31] believed that sulphuric acid in an intermediate addi- tion product is linked to ...

68 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES The rule was checked by Tronov and Ber [15] when nitrating aromatic compounds with nit ...