vi CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVESNitrous acid as a nitrating catalyst and as a nitrating agent............
Nitrous acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide........... ...
Organic compounds as nitrating agents .......... ........
Nitric acid esters.......................
Acyl nitrates (mixed anhydrides).............
Nitrates of some organic bases .............
Aliphatic nitro compounds ...............
Nitration under influence of gamma radiation ..........
Indirect methods of introducing a nitro group..........
Substitution of sulphonic groups.............
Substitution of halogen .................
Other nitration reactions by substitution .........
Introducing the nitro group by oxidation.........
Literature .......................
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133CHAPTER IV. NITRATION WITH NITRATING MIXTURES
Nitrating mixtures................................. 139
Composition of nitrating mixtures ........................ 139
Utilization of spent acid ............................^142
Enthalpy of nitrating mixtures.......................... 146
Heats of dilution................................ 149
Mixing the acids................................ 150
Temperature of nitration ............................ 151
Mixing of reagents during nitration ....................... 152
Solubility of nitro compounds.......................... 153
Design of nitrators ................................^155
Heat exchange devices .............................^156
Stirrers ................................... 156
Product separation and discharge of the nitrator ................. 159
Waste water. ................................... 161
Literature ................................... 164
CHAPTER V. GENERAL INFORMATION ON NITRO COMPOUNDSConstitution of the nitro group. .....................
Visible and ultra-violet absorption spectra. ...............
Infra-red absorption spectra......................
Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray examination of nitro compounds..............
Chemical properties of nitro compounds. .................
Primary, secondary and tertiary compounds. ..............
Heterocyclic nitro compounds .....................
Nitro compounds as explosives ....................
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189CHAPTER VI. AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDSReactivity of the nitro group........................ 192
Influence of nitro groups on reactivity of hydrogen atoms and substituents. Nucleophilic
reactions.......................... 197
Free radical reactions..................... 212
Inhibiting action of nitro compounds on polymerization................ 214
Vulcanization of rubber with aromatic nitro compounds............ 216