urbaf2

TNT MANUFACTURE 393

flammable, although this occurs under specific conditions of prolonged action of

glowing material.

Steele [32] described the following accident in the amatol section of an ammuni-

tion factory. A worker smoking a cigarette (in spite of the regulations) threw it away

when he saw a foreman coming up. The burning cigarette fell on a sack filled with

TNT. After a while the jute sack caught fire causing the TNT to ignite, and then

to explode. This involved the explosion of the amatol in a mixer located in the same

premises. The explosion tore away the wooden roof, and its fragments scattered on

to other buildings causing further explosions. Soon all buildings of the factory

were on fire and destroyed and 11 lives were lost, mainly in fire fighting.

LITERATURE

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2. R. C. GEORGE and J. B. PATBERG, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 13, 768 (1941).


3. G. DESSEIGNE, Y. GLALEL, A. GUILLEMIN and Y. SOUSSELIER, Chimie et Zndustrie 20, No.
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4. A. G. GORST, Porokha i vzryvchatyye veshchestva, Oborongiz, Moskva, 1957.


5. P. PASCAL, Poudres, explosifs, gaz de combat, Hermann, Paris, 1925.


6. Technical Records of Explosives Supply 1914-1918, No. 2. Manufacture of TNT, HMSO, Lon-
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7. A. G. GORST, Khimiya i tekhnologiya nitrosoyedinenii, Oborongiz, Moskva, 1940.


8. M. S. BIELENKII, Spravochnik po proizvodstvu vzryvchatykh veshchestv (Edited by USHAKOV-
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9. Meister, Lucius, Brüning (Höchst), Ger. Pat. 201623 (1906).


10. Weiler-ter-Meer (Uerdingen), Ger. Pat. 228544 (1909).


11. Westphllisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoffe A. G., Ger. Pat. 274854 (1912); 281053 (1913).


12. K. KUBERSCHKY, Ger. Pat. 287799 (1914).


13. H. WILHELM, U.S. Pat. 2109873 (1938).


14. D. F. OTHMER, Ind. Eng. Chem. 33, 1106 (1941).


15. D. F. OTHMER, J. J. JACOBS, JR. and I. F. LEVY, Ind. Eng. Chem. 34, 286 (1942).


16. D. F. OTHMER and H. L. KLEINHAUS, JR., Ind. Eng. Chem. 36, 447 (1944).


17. A. B. BOFORS, TNT Manufacture by the Continuous Bofors-Norell Method, 1956 (Specification).


18. W. MACNAB, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 41, 353 (1922).


19. J. MEISSNER, Ger. Pat. 710826 (1941); 732742 (1943).


20. F. MEISSNER, G. WANNSCHAFF a.nd G. F. OTHMER, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 718 (1954).


21. K. T. NORELL, U. S. Pat. 2594675 (1952).


22. A. B. Chematur, Norsk Spraengstoflindustri, Brit. Pat. 772895 (1957); 803370 (1958):
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23. A. STETIBACHER, Die Schiess- und Sprengstofi, J. A. Barth, Leipzig, 1919.


24. V. VENDER, Ger. Pat. 237738 (1909); Fr. Pat. 405812 (1909); Brit. Pat 18281 (1909).


25. G. D. CLIFT and B. T. FEDOROFF, A Manual for Explosives Laboratories, 1-III Lefax,
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26. K. T. NORELL, Swed. Pat. 152620 (1955); U.S. Pat 2874196 (1959).


27. B. BATIK, Chimie et Industrie 29, 960 (1933).


28. F. H. GORNALL and R. ROBINSON, J. Chem. Soc. 1926, 1981.