117
5
Id. at 170.(^6) Id.
(^7) Id.
(^8) Id. at 181.
(^9) Id.
(^10) Natural Standard Herb and Supplement Guide: An Evidence-based Reference, Ulbricht, Catherine, Ed. and
founder (copyright 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc., Maryland Heights, MO)., “Gingko,” at 358-361.
(^11) How to Use Herbs, Nutrients & Yoga in Mental Health Care, by Richard P. Brown, M.D. (of Columbia University
College of Physicians and Surgeons), Patricia L. Gerbarg, M.D. (of New York Medical College), and Philip R. Muskin,
M.D. (of Columbia as well) (W. W. Norton and Company, New York, 2009), at 174.
(^12) Brown et al., op. cit. at 270-271, citing Zhang, X.Y., Zhou, D.F., Zhang, P.Y., Wu, G.Y., Su, J.M. & Cao, L.Y., “A
Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Extract of Ginkgo biloba Added to Halperidol in Treatment-resistant
Patients with Schizophrenia,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 62(11): 878- 8 83 (2001).
(^13) Muskin, P.R., Gerbarg, P.L., and Brown, R.P., Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders,
Psychiatric Clinics of North America, copyright Elsevier, Inc., Philadelphia ( 2013 ) (“Brown et al. II”) at 82.
(^14) The Mayo Clinic Guide to Alternative Medicine 2011 (Time Home Entertainment, Inc., New York 2010), at 48.
(^15) Id.
(^16) Berkeley (University of California) Wellness Reports – Dietary Supplements (2010 edition), “Ginkgo,” at 45.
Omitted from the 2011 edition.
(^17) Id.
(^18) Dekosky, S.T., Williamson, J.D., Fitzpatrick, A.L., Kronmal, R.A., Ives, D.G., Saxton, J.A., Lopez, O.L., Burke, G., et
al., "Ginkgo Biloba for Prevention of Dementia: a Randomized Controlled Trial," JAMA 300 (19):2253–62 (2008).
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/300/19/2253
(^19) Id.
(^20) Id.
(^21) Birks J, Grimley Evans J., “Ginkgo biloba for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia,” Cochrane Database of
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(^22) Snitz, B.E., O’Meara, E.S., Michelle C. Carlson, M.C., Arnold, A.M., Ives, D.G., Rapp, E.R., Saxton, J., Lopez, O.L.,
Dunn, L.O., Sink, K.M., DeKosky, S.T., for the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators “Ginkgo
biloba for Preventing Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Randomized Trial,” JAMA 302(24):2663-2670 (2009).
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/302/24/2663
(^23) Andrieu, S., Gilette, S., Amouyal, K. & Nourhashemi, F., “Association of Alzheimer’s Disease Onset with Ginkgo
biloba and Other Symptomatic Cognitive Treatments in a Population of Women Aged 75 Years and Older from the
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