16 /ALMOND PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINESFurther information in:
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,
Nachdruck, Georg Olms.
Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
Stuttgart 1997.
SWEET ALMONDS
Fincke H, Z Untersuch Lebensm 52:423. 1926.
Le Quesne PW et al., JNP 48:496. 1985.
Opdyke DLJ, (1976) Food Cosmet Toxicol: 14.
Rosenthaler L, Ber Pharm Ges 30:13. 1920.
Salvo F et al., Riv Ital Sostanze Grasse 57:24. 1980.
Saura-Calixto F et al., Fette. Seifen, Anstrichm 87:4. 1985.
Sommer W, Dissertation Albrechts-Universitat Kiel. 1984.
Further information in:
Frohne D, Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fiir
Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlags-
Ges Stuttgart 1997.
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug
Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.
Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,- Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologie, Chemie,
Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.
Alnus glutinosa
See Black Alder
Aloe
Aloe barbadensis/capensis/vera
TRADE NAMES
Aloe Vera (available from numerous manufacturers), Herbal
Sure Aloe Vera, Aloe Vera Mild Stimulant Laxative, Aloe
99 Gel, Sundance Aloe Vera Gel, Chantal Aloe Vera Cream,
Palmers Aloe Vera Formula Cream, Aloe Vera Super
Strength, Herbal Sure Aloe Vera
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part of the plant is dried
juice of the leaves.Flower and Fruit: The inflorescence is forked once or twice
and is 60 to 90 cm high. The raceme is dense, cylindrical and
narrows toward the top. The terminal raceme is up to 40 cm
high while the lower ones are somewhat shorter. The bracts
are almost white, and the flowers are yellow, orange or red,
and are 3 cm long.Leaves, Stem and Root: The lily-like succulent-leafed rosette
shrub either does not have a stem or has a 25 cm stem. The
stem has about 25 leaves in an upright dense rosette. The
lanceolate leaf is thick and fleshy, 40 to 50 cm long and 6 to
7 cm wide at the base. The upper surface is concave, gray-
green, often with a reddish tinge, which sometimes appears
in patches in the young plants. The leaf margin has a pale
pink edge and 2 mm long pale teeth.Habitat: Aloe is thought to have originated in the Sudan and
the Arabian Peninsula. Today the species is cultivated and
found in the wild in northern Africa, the Near East, Asia, and
in the southern Mediterranean region. The plant is cultivated
in subtropical regions of the United States and Mexico, and
on the Dutch Antilles, as well as coastal regions of
Venezuela.Production: Curacao Aloe consists of the dried latex of the
leaves of Aloe barbadensis (syn. Aloe vera), as well as its
preparations. Aloe is harvested from August until October.
The juice is dried using various methods.
Not to be Confused With: Confusion sometimes arises with
Agave americana, known as American Aloe, which is not a
true Aloe.
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS: ALOE BARBADENSIS
Anthracene derivatives: particularly anthrone-10-C-glyco-
syls, including aloin A, aloin B, 7-hydroxyaloins A and B,
and 1,8-dihydroxy ions, including aloe-emodin, and
6'cinnamic acid esters of these compounds
2-alkylchromones: including aloe resins B, C and DFlavonoids
COMPOUNDS: ALOE CAPENSIS
Anthracene derivatives: particularly an throne- 10-C-glyco-
syls, including aloin A, aloin B, 5-hydroxyaloin, and 1,8-
dihydroxy anthraquinones, including aloe-emodin, and
mixed anthrone-C- and O-glycosides, including aloinosides
A and B
2-alkylchromones: including aloe resins A, B, C and D
Flavonoids