PDR for Herbal Medicines

28/AMERICAN PAWPAW PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Leaves, Stem and Root: The American Pawpaw grows up to
6 m in height. The young shoots and leaves are covered in
rust-colored down and later become glabrous. The leaves are
thin (20-25 cm long and 7 cm wide), smooth, entire, ovate
and acuminate. The plant's leaves and flowers appear
simultaneously.
Characteristics: The fruit has an unpleasant smell when
unripe, but when it ripens after a frost, it smells, faintly of
custard. This characteristic gives rise to one of its common
names—Custard Apple.
Habitat: The plant is found in the west, south and central
U.S., also India and parts of Asia and Africa.
Production: American Pawpaw seeds are the seeds of
Asimina triloba.
Other Names: Custard Apple
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids: including anolobine
Polyketides: including asimicine
Fatty oil
EFFECTS
No information is available.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Homeopathic Uses: In homeopathy, American Pawpaw is
used in the treatment of scarlet fever, fevers and vomiting, as
well as for mouth and throat inflammation.
PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
The drug has a nauseant effect. Allergic individuals may be
susceptible to severe urticaria.
DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: The mother tincture is used in
homeopathic dilutions.
LITERATURE
He K, Shi G, Zhao GX, Zeng L, Ye Q, Schwedler JT, Wood
KV, McLaughlin JL, Three new adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran
acetogenins with four hydroxyl groups from Asimina triloba. J
Nat-Prod, 59:1029-34, 1996.
He K, Zhao GX, Shi G, Zeng L, Chao JF, McLaughlin JL,
Additional bioactive annonaceous acetogenins from Asimina
triloba (Annonaceae). Bioorg Med Chem, 5:501-6, 1997.
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug
Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.
Oliver-Bever B (Ed.), Medicinal Plants of Tropical West Africa,
Cambridge University Press Cambridge, London 1986.

Ratnayake S, Rupprecht JK, Potter WM, McLaughlin JL,

Evaluation of various parts of the paw paw tree Asimina triloba

(Annonaceae) as commercial sources of the pesticidal

annonaceous acetogenins. J Econ Entomol, 55:2353-6, 1992.

Woo MH, Cho KY, Zhang Y, Zeng L, Gu ZM, McLaughlin

JL, Asimilobin and cis- and trans-murisolinones novel bioactive

Annonaceous acetogenins from the seeds of Asimina triloba. J

Nat Prod, 4:1533-42, 1995.

Zhao G, Hui Y, Rupprecht JK, McLaughlin JL, Wood KV,

Additional bioactive compounds and trilobacin a novel highly

cytotoxic acetogenin from the bark of Asimina triloba. J Nat

Prod, 55:347-56, 1992.

Zhao GX, Chao JF, Zeng L, McLaughlin JL, (24-cis)-

asimicinone and (24-trans)-asimicinone: two novel bioactive

ketolactone acetogenins from Asimina triloba (Annonaceae). Nat

Toxins, 4:128-34, 1996.

Zhao GX, Chao JF, Zeng L, Rieser MJ, McLaughlin JL, The

absolute configuration of adjacent bis-THF acetogenins and

asiminocin a novel highly potent asimicin isomer from Asimina

triloba. Bioorg Med Chem, 4:25-32, 1996.

American White Pond Lily

Nymphaea odorata

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the cut and dried

rhizome, the fresh rhizome and the rhizome with the roots.

Flower and Fruit: The androgynous flowers are solitary, 7 to

15 cm across and radial-symmetrical. They grow from the

rhizome and extend above the water by means of a long

stem. The 4 sepals are almost free, oblong-ovate, pale green

on the outside and greenish-white on the inside. The pure

white 23 to 32 petals are free, elliptical-lanceolate, narrower

than the sepals and arranged on the axis like a screw. The

numerous carpels are sunk into the beaker-shaped axis in a

ring and are partially fused with it. The fruit is a berry-like

capsule, which ripens under water. The seeds are small,

ovate, approximately 2.5 mm long, smooth and have an aril.

The flowers open as the sun rises, close a few hours later

(before the intense midday heat) and remain closed until the

next morning. The size of the plant varies according to depth

of water.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The fragrant water lily is an aquatic

plant with a strong horizontal rhizome, which grows under

water. The leaves are swimming, alternate, long-petioled and

have 4 air channels in the petiole. The lamina is oval-

orbicular, large (15-30 cm long) and has a wedge-shaped

deep indentation at the base. It is entire-margined, coria-

ceous, green above and purple-brown beneath. The petiole is