PDR for Herbal Medicines

156 /CASCARA SAGRADA PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Izzo AA; Mascolo N; Capasso F. Nitric oxide as a modulator

of intestinal water and electrolyte transport. Dig Dis Sci 1998

Aug;43(8): 1605-20.

Klimpel BE et al., Anthranoidhaltige Laxantien - ein Risiko fur

die Entwicklung von Tumoren der ableitenden Harnwege. In:

PUZ 26(1 ):33 Jahrestagung der DPhG, Berlin, 1996. 1997.

Manitto P et al., Studies on Cascara, part 2. Structure of

cascarosides £ and F. In: JNP 58(3):419-423. 1995.

Mereto E; Ghia M; Brambilla G. Evaluation of the potential

carcinogenic activity of Senna and Cascara glycosides for the

rat colon. Cancer Lett 1996 Mar 19;I01( 1 ):79-83.

Siegers CP; Siemers J; Baretton G. Sennosides and aloin do not

promote dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal tumors in mice.

Pharmacology 1993a Oct:47 Suppl 1:205-8.

Siegers CP; von Hertzberg-Lottin E; Otte M; Schneider B.

Anthranoid laxative abuse—a risk for colorectal cancer? Gut

1993b Aug;34(8): 1099-101.

Thesen R, Phytotherapeutika - nicht immer harmlos. In: ZPT

9(49): 105. 1988.

Further information in:

Hansel R, Keller K, kimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers

Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl., Bde 4-6

(Drogen): Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992-

1994.

Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used

in Food, Drugs, Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York

1980.

Cascarilla

Croton eluteria

DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part is the dried bark.

Flower and Fruit: The flowers are small, with white petals
and a pleasant fragrance.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a small tree that rarely

grows to more than 6 m. It has small, opposite, ovate-

lanceolate leaves about 5 cm long. Scales beneath densely

cover the leaves, giving them a silver-bronze appearance.

Above, the scales are scattered and white. The bark occurs in

short quilled pieces, usually with a chalky, more or less

cracked, white surface, with black dots due to the fruit of

lichens. The transverse fracture is reddish-brown.

Characteristics: The taste is aromatic and bitter.

Habitat: Indigenous to the West Indies, also grown in

tropical areas of America.

Production: Cascarilla bark is the bark of Croton eluteria.

Other Names: Sweet Wood Bark, Sweet Bark, Bahama

Cascarilla

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Volatile oil (1.5 to 3%): chief components are p-cymene,

limonene, alpha-thujone, pinenes, linalool, myrcene, terpeni-

nol-4

Diterpene bitter principles: including Cascarillin A (15%)

Resins (25%)

EFFECTS

Cascarilla is a stimulant and a tonic.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: Cascarilla is used for digestive disorders,

diarrhea and vomiting.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

Health risks or side effects following the proper administra-

tion of designated therapeutic dosages are not recorded.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Available as a powder, liquid

extract or tincture.

LITERATURE

Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Vol. 1, 2nd Ed.,

CRC Press 1975.

Hegnauer R, Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11,

Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin 1962-1997.

Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der

Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde 1-8, Springer Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used

in Food Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New

York 1980.

Mc Echean CE et al., J Chem Soc 166B:633. 1966.

Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer

Verlag Heidelberg 1992.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen. 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
   Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
   Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologie, Chemie,
   Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.
   Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.
   Wichtl M (Hrsg.), Teedrogen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.