178/CHAULMOOGRA PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINESProduction: Chaulmoogra seeds are the seeds of various
Hydnocarpus varieties. Chaulmoogra oil is the fatty oil
extracted from the seeds.
Other Names: Hydnocarpus
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS: CHAULMOOGRA SEEDS
Fatty oil (30-40%, bitter-type consistency)Proteins (25%)
Cyanogenic glycosides
Flavolignans
EFFECTS: CHAULMOOGRA SEEDS
The chauimoogric acid in the drug is antimicrobial. The drug
has sedative, febrifuge and dermatic effects. The flavonol
lignans hydnocarpin, hydnowightin and neohydnocarpin
isolated from the seeds are lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory
and antitumoral in animal experiments.COMPOUNDS: CHAULMOOGRA OIL
Triglycerides: chief fatty acids D-hydnocarpic acid, D-chaul-
moogric acid, D-gorli acid (cyclopentene fatty acids)EFFECTS: CHAULMOOGRA OIL
The chauimoogric acid in the drug is antimicrobial.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Unproven Uses: Externally, preparations of Hydnocarpus are
used in the treatment of various skin conditions such as
psoriasis and eczema. It is also used as an injection in the
treatment of leprosy.Chinese Medicine: In China, Chaulmoogra is used for
leprosy, scabies and furuncles.
Indian Medicine: Uses include leprosy, skin diseases,
itching, leocodermia, eczema, flatulence and diabetes.
PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
Coughing, dyspnea, laryngospasms, kidney damage, visual
disorders, head and muscle pain, and central paralyses are
side effects following intake of the oil. It is severely irritating
in local application.
OVERDOSAGE
Following stomach and intestinal emptying (inducement of
vomiting, gastric lavage with burgundy-colored potassium
permanganate solution, sodium sulfate), the treatment for
poisonings consists of the instillation of activated charcoal
and shock prophylaxis (quiet, warmth), and of electrolyte
substitution and the countering of any acidosis imbalance
that may appear through sodium bicarbonate infusions. In the
event of shock, plasma volume expanders should be infused.
Monitoring of kidney function is necessary. Intubation and
oxygen respiration may also be required.
The seeds are severely poisonous due to their cynagenic
glycoside content. Injections of solutions of Dicobalt-EDTA
or of thiosulfates, or administration of methemoglobin-form-
ing agents, such as amyl nitrite, are recommended as
antidotes. The triggering of vomiting and gastric lavage
should be carried out in a parallel fashion. Circulatory 4|
support measures and artificial respiration may be required.DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: The seeds and oil in various
preparations, as powder, oil, emulsion and ointments.LITERATURE
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.). Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg. New York, 1969.
Lefort D et al., (1969) Planta Med 17:261.
Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,
Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.
Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,- Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
Sleumer, (1947) Pharm Ztg 83:165.
Teuscher E. Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges. j^
Stuttgart 1997.
Cheiranthus cheiri
See Wallflower
Gheken
Eugenia chequen
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the dried leaves.Flower and Fruit: The flowers are usually solitary, occasion-
ally in threes. The receptacle is top-shaped and pubescent.
There are 4 pubescent or ciliate sepals. The petals are white,
oval and 5 to 8 mm long. The stamens are numerous but
small. The ovary is glabrous. The fruit is a red or black-
violet, glabrous, globular berry, 6 to 8 mm in diameter. It has
2 to 3 seeds which are dark, lentil-shaped and are about 4
mm in diameter.Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is an evergreen tree, which
grows up to 15 m high and sometimes looks like a shrub.
The leaves are coriaceous, ovate, about 1 to 1.5 cm long, 0.5
to 1 cm wide, entire-margined, very shortly petioled with
numerous minute, round, translucent oil-cells.