256 /DOG ROSE PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINESSteinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl.. Springer
Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel. 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
Stuttgart 1997.
Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und
pflanzliche Homdopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart. Jena, New
York 1995.
Wichtl M (Hrsg.), Teedrogen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
Stuttgart 1997.
DOG ROSE FRUITS
Czygan FC, Rosa canina L. - Die Hunds- oder Heckenrose. In:
ZPT 10(5): 162. 1989.
Jaretzky R. Pharm Zentralh 82:229. 1941.
Luckner M, Bepler O. PA 21:197. 1966.
Further information in:
Kern W. List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis. 4. Aufl.. Bde. 1-8: Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1969.
Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used
in Food, Drugs, Cosmetics. John Wiley & Sons Inc.. New York
1980.Dogwood
Comus florida
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part is the dried bark. Fresh
bark is also used occasionally.
Flower and Fruit: The flowers are sessile, small, greenish,
and in clusters of 12 to 20 at the splayed end of a tough, 3
cm long stem. The bracts are white or pale reddish, ovate to
long and are longer than the inflorescence. The petals are
about 4 mm long. The fruit is a scarlet berry.Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a deciduous shrub or a 4
to 9 m high tree, which is heavily branched and has a dark
gray, thick and rough bark. The branches are smooth and
covered in leaf scars. The leaves are 7 to 10 cm long,
opposite, petiolate, entire, ovate acuminate at both ends, and
somewhat rough. The upper surface is dark green. In autumn
the upper surface is bright red to violet. The underside is
always whitish-green. The leaves are slightly pubescent
when young.Habitat: Cornus florida is indigenous to eastern and southern
North America; other varieties are found in Europe.
Production: American Boxwood bark and root-bark are the
dried and occasionally fresh bark and root-bark of Cornus
florida. It is collected in the wild.
Other Names: Dog-Tree, Box Tree, Boxwood, Budwood,
False Box, Cornelian Tree, Cornel, Bitter Redberry, Green
Ozier, Swamp Dogwood, Silky Cornel, Osier, Rose WillowACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Steroid saponins: including sarsapogenin-O-beta-D-galacto-
side, sarsapogenin-0-beta-D-xylosyl-( I (2)-beta-D-galacto-
sideIridoide monoterpenes: cornin (verbenalin)TanninsEFFECTS
Effect on mollusks: The drug destroys the biomphalaria
glabratus snails (carrier of bilharziose).Cardiac effect: Heart activity, at different levels up to the
cessation of heartbeat, is examined depending on the
concentration of the methanol extract.Antiplasmodic effect: Induced malaria on chicks and Peking
ducks was treated for 5 days with a water-insoluble fraction.
As a result, antiplasmodic activity toward P. cathemerium
could be observed, similar to that deployed by quinine and
sulfadiazine. To date, the results cannot be sufficiently
assessed.The bark works as a tonic, an astringent and a stimulant.INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Unproven Uses: In North America, the dried bark was used
in folk medicine for strength, to stimulate appetite, for fever
and for chronic diarrhea. It is used externally as an astringent
for wounds and boils. Formerly, it was in use as a
replacement for quinine. It is still used for headaches and
fatigue.Homeopathic Uses: Uses include for poor digestion and
chronic attacks of fever.PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
Health risks or side effects following the proper administra-
tion of designated therapeutic dosages are not recorded.DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: Formerly the drug was used
internally as a tincture as an alternative to quinine and
externally as a liquid extract.Homeopathic Dosage: Oral: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules
every 30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times a day
(chronic); parenterally: 1 to 2 ml sc acute, 3 times daily;
chronic: once a day (HAB34).Preparation: Decoction or infusion (no specifications).