364/GRAPE PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINESOcular Effects
A lower resistance to glare and alteration of scotopic vision
are associated with retinal pathology related to age, fatigue
and stress. The effect of procyanidolic oligomers (PCO) on
light vision and chorioretinal circulation was determined in
100 subjects. PCO (Endotelon) was administered in tablets
of 50 mg four times daily for five weeks. Improvements in
visual adaptation to low luminances and visual performances
after glare, as measured by a nyctometer were significant
(Corbe, 1988).
Postoperative Edema
The effect of PCO from Grape Seed extract was shown to
have protective effects on the postoperative edema compared
to placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Thirty-two female patients undergoing a facelift were
administered either 300 milligrams Grape Seed extract or
placebo daily over the 5 days preceding the operation, and
postoperatively from days 2 to 6. Prophylactic decrease in
postoperative facial edema was the main efficacy criteria.
The Grape Seed extract cohort scored significantly better
than placebo against postoperative facial swelling (Baruch,
1984).INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Unproven Uses: In Folk medicine, Grape preparations are
used in venous diseases and blood circulation disorders.
Indian Medicine: Grape is used for headache, dysuria,
scabies, skin diseases, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids and vomiting.
PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
General: No health hazards or side effects are known in
conjunction with the proper administration of designated
therapeutic dosages. A reversible inhibition of intestinal
enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and dipepti-
dyl peptidase) was demonstrated in animal models (Tebib,
1994).
DOSAGE
How Supplied:
Capsule—25 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 500 mgTablet—50 mg
Daily Dosage: Grape Seed extract has been used for
preventive therapy with 50 mg daily and treatment doses of
150-600 mg daily in divided doses (Arne, 1982; Baruch,
1984; Corbe; 1988; Delacroix, 1981; Henriet, 1993; Nuttall,
1998; Soyeux, 1987).
LITERATURE
Arne JL: Contribution to the study of procyanidolic oligomers:
Endotelon in diabetic retinopathy. Gaz Med France 1982;
89(30):3610-3614.
Bagchi D; Garg A; Krohn RL et al. Oxygen free radical
scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed
proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Res Commun Mol Pathol
Pharmacol 1997 Feb;95(2): 179-89.
Baruch. Effect of Endotelon in postoperative edema. Results of
a double-blind study versus placebo in 32 female patients. Ann
Chir Plast Esthet 1984;29(4):393-5.
Bavaresco L; Fregoni C; Cantu E; Trevisan M. Stilbene
compounds: from the grapevine to wine. Drugs Exp Clin Res
1999;25(2-3):57-63.
Boissin JP; Corbe C; Siou A. Chorioretinal circulation and
dazzling: use of procyanidol oligomers (Endotelon). Bull Soc
Ophtalmol Fr 1988 Feb;88(2): 173-4, 177-9.
Corbe C; Boissin JP; Siou A. Light vision and chorioretinal
circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomers
(Endotelon). J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11(5):453-60.
Delacroix P: Double-blind trial of endotelon in chronic venous
insufficiency. Rev Med 1981;27-28:1793-1802.
Drubaix I; Maraval M; Robert L; Robert AM. Hyaluronic acid
(hyaluronan) levels in pathological human saphenous veins.
Effects of procyanidol oligomers. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1997
Jan;45(l):86-91.
Henriet JP. Veno-lymphatic insufficiency. 4,729 patients
undergoing hormonal and procyanidol oligomer therapy.
Phlebologie 1993 Apr-Jun;46(2):313-25.
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl.. Bde 1-8: Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Maffei Facino R, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Free radicals
scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines
from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective
action. Arzneimittelforschung 1994 May;44(5):592-601.
Maffei Facino R, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Procyanidines from
Vitis vinifera seeds protect rabbit heart from ischemia/
reperfusion injury: antioxidant intervention and/or iron and
copper sequestering ability. Planta Med 1996 Dec;62(6):495-
502.
Nutall SL, Kendall MJ, Bombardelli E et al: An evaluation of
the antioxidant activity of a standardized grape seed extract,
Leucoselect(R). J Clin Pharm Ther 1998; 23:385-389.
Plumb GW; De Pascual-Teresa S; Santos-Buelga C et al.
Antioxidant properties of catechins and proanthocyanidins: effect
of polymerisation, galloylation and glycosylation. Free Radic
Res 1998 Oct;29(4):351-8.
Ray SD, Kumar MA, Bagchi D. A novel proanthocyanidin
IH636 grape seed extract increases in vivo Bcl-XL expression
and prevents acetaminophen-induced programmed and
unprogrammed cell death in mouse liver. Arch Biochem
Biophys 1999 Sep l;369(l):42-58.
Robert L; Godeau G; Gavignet-Jeannin C et al. The effect of
procyanidolic oligomers on vascular permeability. A study using
quantitative morphology. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1990 Jun;38(6):608-
16.