PDR for Herbal Medicines

398/HOLLY PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

In folk medicine, Holly is used for fever, chronic bronchitis,

constipation, rheumatism and gout.

Homeopathic Uses: Ilex aquifolium is used for

conjunctivitis. •=

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction

with the proper administration of designated therapeutic

dosages.

OVERDOSAGE

The intake of more than 5 berries can lead to nausea,

vomiting and diarrhea. Fatal gastrointestinal inflammation is

said to have taken place following the ingestion of very large

quantities (20 to 30 berries) (Lewin). Stomach emptying and

the administration of activated charcoal should therefore be

carried out with the intake of more than 10 berries. Further

treatment should proceed according to symptoms. Poisonings

have not been reported in recent times.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: As a tea and alcoholic extract for

internal use.

Homeopathic Dosage: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules every

30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times daily (chronic);

parenterally: 1 to 2 ml sc acute, 3 times daily; chronic: once

a day (HAB34).

LITERATURE

Catalano S, Marsili A, Morelli J, Pistelli L, Constituents of the

leaves of Ilex aquifolium. In: PM 33:416. 1978.

Frohne D, Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fur

Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlags-

Ges Stuttgart 1997.

Hansel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers

Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl., Bde 4-6

(Drogen), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992-

1994 (unter Ilex paraguariensis).

Lassere B et al., (1983) Naturwissenschaft 70:95.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Poisonous Plants in Britain and Their Effects on Animals and

Man, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Pub; HMSO

UK 1984.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.

Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologie, Chemie,
Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.

Hollyhock

Alcea rosea

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the dried flowers of

plants bearing dark purple flowers.

Flower and Fruit: Six to 10 cm flowers sit in the axils of the

cauline leaves singly or in groups of 2 or 4, with the upper

ones forming long spikes. Sepals of the epicalyx are broadly

triangular and sharp-edged. The epicalyx is significantly

shorter than the calyx and both are gray-green haired.

Leaves, Stem and Root: Hollyhock is a biennial plant. In the

second year it produces a spire-like, hairy stem up to 3 m

tall. The leaves are cordate-orbicular to rhomboid, weakly 3-

to 5-lobed and slightly scabrid-setulose. The sepals are

epiclyx-subacute and triangular. The flowers are found in the

leaf axils with short peduncles. The petals are 30 to 50 mm,

contiguous, usually pink but sometimes white or violet. The

mericarps are 7 mm long. The dorsal face has a deep, narrow

furrow with rugose angles produced into parallel wings. The

lateral faces are appressed-setose.

Habitat: The plant was originally indigenous to southwest

and central Asia. A few species were probably introduced

into southeast central Europe as ornamental plants and then

spread in the wild. Hollyhock is now widely cultivated in

Europe and temperate regions of Asia. The main suppliers of

the drug are Belgium, Hungary, Bulgaria, former Yugosla-

via, Rumania, Albania.

Production: Hollyhock flower consists of the flowers of

Alcea rosea as well as their preparations. The flowers are

harvested when not quite in full bloom on plants with over 2

to 3 years of growth, then air-dried at 35°C.

Other Names: Althea Rose, Malva Flowers, Rose Mallow

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Mucilages (acetylated galacturonorhamane)

Anthocyans (termed althaein): delphinidine- and malvidine-

mono glycosides

EFFECTS

No information is available.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: The herb, roots and seeds have been used

internally and externally for treating coughs and lung

diseases. The Hollyhock's flower is used as mucilage for

prophylaxis and therapy of diseases and discomforts of the

respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and to relieve

fever and thirst. Other folk uses include external application

for skin inflammations and ulcers. Infusions and decoctions