HERBAL MONOGRAPHS JUNIPER/441

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Contraindications for internal administration include preg-

nancy and inflammatory renal diseases.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

4ft General: No health hazards or side effects are known in

conjunction with the proper administration of designated

therapeutic dosages. Long-term internal administration or

overdosage can bring about kidney irritation and kidney

damage. External administration for large skin wounds, acute

skin diseases, feverish diseases, cardiac insufficiency or

hypertonia should only take place under the supervision of a

doctor.

Pregnancy: Not to be used during pregnancy.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Whole, crushed or powdered drug

for infusions and decoctions, alcohol extracts, and in wine.

Essential oil is used for oral application in liquid and solid

medicinal forms. Combinations with other plant drugs in

bladder and kidney teas and similar preparations may be

useful. Juniper berry is also used as bath salts in the

treatment of rheumatism.

m

^ How Supplied:

Capsules — 515 mg

Liquid — 1:1

Oil — 100%

Daily Dosage: The daily dose is 2 to 10 gm of the drug,

corresponding to 20 to 100 mg of the essential oil. The

duration of use should be limited to a maximum of 6 weeks.

A 1:20 dilution infusion (0.5 gm in 1 teacup) may be taken 3

times daily. Tincture (1:5): 1 to 2 ml 3 times daily. Liquid

extract: 2 to 4 ml 3 times daily.

For diabetes: 10 freshly ground berries to taken daily with

water for 15 days; repeat after a month's break from

treatment.

Homeopathic Uses: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules every 30
to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times daily (chronic);
parenterally: 1 to 2 ml sc acute, 3 times daily; chronic: once

daily (HAB1).

Storage: Juniper should be protected from light.

LITERATURE

Chatzopoulou PS, Katsiotis ST, Study of the Essential Oil from

Juniperus communis "Berries" (Cones)Growing in Greece. In:

PM 59(6):554. 1993.

De Pascuale Teresa J, (1977) An Quim. 73(3):463.

Freidrich H, Engelshowe R, (1978) Planta Med 33:251.

Lamer-Zarawska E, Phytochemical studies on flavonoids and

other compounds of juniper fruits (Juniperus communsi L.). In:

Pol J Chem 54(2):213-219. 1980.

Mascolo N et al., (1987) Phytother Res 1(1):28.

Ramie S. Murko D, Chemical composition of fruit of Juniperus

species. In: Archiv Farm 33(1): 15-20. 1983.

Schilcher H, Boesel R, Effenberger ST Segebrecht S, Neuere

Untersuchungsergebnisse mit aquaretisch, antibakteriell und

prostatotrop wirksamen Arzneipflanzen. In: ZPT 10(3):77. 1989.

Schilcher H, Emmrich D, Koehler C, Gaschromatographischer

Vergleich von atherischen Wacholderolen und deren

toxikologische Bedeutung. In: PZW 138(3/4)85. 1993.

Schilcher H. Heil BM, Nierentoxizitat von

Wacholderbeerzubereitungen. In: ZPT 15(4):205-213. 1994.

Schmidt M. Wacholderzubereitungen. Mufi die Monographic

umgeschrieben werden? In: DAZ 135(14): 1260-1264. 1995.

Sbkeland J. Phytotherapie in der Urologie. In: ZPT 10(1 ):8.

1989.

Thomas AF, (1972) Helv Chim Acta 55:2429.

Thomas AF, (1972) Helv Chim. Acta 56:1800.

Further information in:

Frohne D. Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fiir

Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlags-

Ges Stuttgart 1997.

Hansel R, Keller K. Rimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers

Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl., Bde 4-6

(Drogen), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992-

1994.

Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used

in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New

York 1980.

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
   Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
   Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.
   Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte-Biologie, Chemie,
   Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.
   Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und
   pflanzliche Homoopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New
   York 1995.
   Wichtl M (Hrsg.), Teedrogen. 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.