PDR for Herbal Medicines

HERBAL MONOGRAPHS LINDEN /477

LITERATURE

Kovats et al., Helv Chim Acta 46:2705. 1963.

Lund ED, Bryan WL, (1977) J Food Sci 42:385.

Natarajan S et al., (1976) Econ Bot 30:38.

Shaw PE^Cbleman RL, (1971) J Agric Food Chem 19:1276.

Stanley et al., PH 6:585. 1967.

Strickler et al., Helv Chim Acta 49:2055. 1966.

Tatum JH, Berry RE, (1977) Phytochemistry 16:1091.

Wilson W, Shaw PE, (1977) J Agric Food Chem 25:211.

Further information in:

Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der

Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. AufL Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used

in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New

York 1980.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen. Pflanzengifte.

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.

Linaria vulgaris

See Yellow Toadflax

Linden
Tilia species
DESCRIPTION
Medicilffif Parts: The medicinal parts are the fresh and dried
flowers. "•'" **' """
Flower and Fruit: The yellowish-white flowers are arranged
in clusters of 5 to 11. The calyx is 5-sepaled, oblong or
ovate-lanceolate, acute and deep. The 5 petals are spatulate-
lanceolate with crenate tips. There are numerous stamens and
1 superior ovary, which is almost globular and has silky-
haired villi. The fruit is a 1-seeded, pear-shaped, indistinctly
angular, thin-shelled nut. There is a tongue-shaped, parch-
ment-like, greenish- or yellowish-white bract at the base of
the flowers.
Leaves, Stem and Root: Linden is an impressive tree up to 25
m high with a large, closed crown. The bark is fissured,
gray-brown or black-gray. The bark of the branches is
smooth. The branchlets are olive-green, brown or brown-red
with white warts. The leaves are long-petioled, uneven at the
base and broadly cordate. They have a dark upper surface
and are bluish-green beneath with rust-colored tufts of down
in the vein axils.

Characteristics: The flowers have a strong, sweet fragrance

and the fruit tastes slightly sweet, slimy and dry.

Habitat: The tree is common in northern temperate regions.

Production: Linden charcoal consists of the charcoal ob-

tained from the wood of Tilia cordata and/or Tilia platyphyl-

los. Linden leaf consists of the dried leaf of Tilia cordata

and/or Tilia platyphyllos. Silver Linden flower consists of

the dried flowers of Tilia tomentosa (synonym Tilia argen-

tea). Linden wood consists of the dried sapwood of Tilia

cordata and/or Tilia platyphyllos. Linden flower consists of

the dried flower of Tilia cordata and/or Tilia platyphyllos.

Not to be Confused With: Linden flower should not be

confused with Tilia tometosa and Tilia x euchlora

Other Names: Lime, Linn Flowers

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS: LINDEN CHARCOAL

Extremely adsorbent charcoals

EFFECTS: LINDEN CHARCOAL

No information is available.

COMPOUNDS: LINDEN LEAF

Flavonoids: including tiliroside, kempferol-3,7,-dirhamno-

side, kempferol-3-0-glucoside-7-0-rhamnoside, linarine (a-

cacetin-7-rutinoside), quercetin-3,7-di-0-rhamnoside, quer-

cetin-3-0-glucoside-7-0-rhamnoside

Tannins

Mucilages

EFFECTS: LINDEN LEAF

The apparent diaphoretic effect has not been proven.

COMPOUNDS: SILVER LINDEN FLOWER

Flavonoids: including astragalin, isoquercitrin, kempferitrin,

quercitrin, tiliroside, quercetin-3-0-glucoside-7-0-rhamno-

side, kempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, kempferol-3-O-glucoside-

7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-rhamnoxyloside

Hydroxycoumarins: including, among others, calycantho-

side, aesculin

Caffeic acid derivatives: chlorogenic acid

Mucilages

EFFECTS: SILVER LINDEN FLOWER

A possible sedative-anxiolytic effect and an anti-stress effect

are under investigation. The flavone-like substances in the

drug are thought to be responsible for these effects.

COMPOUNDS: LINDEN WOOD

Mucilages