480 /LOBELIA PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINESINDICATIONS AND USAGE
Homeopathic Uses: Lobelia inflata is used only in homeopa-
thy as an asthma treatment and also as an aid in curing
addiction to smoking.PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
General: No health hazards or side effects are known in
conjunction with the proper administration of designated
therapeutic dosages.Pregnancy: Not to be used during pregnancy.OVERDOSAGE
Overdosage leads to dryness of the mouth, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal pain, burning in the urinary passages,
feelings of anxiety, dizziness, headache, shivering, respira-
tory difficulties, paraesthesias, outbreak of sweating, brady-
cardia, cardiac arrhythmias, somnolence and muscle
twitching; death can occur through respiratory failure,
accompanied by convulsions. 0.6 to 1 gm of the leaves are
said to be toxic, 4 gm fatal.Following gastrointestinal emptying (inducement of vomit-
ing, gastric lavage with burgundy-colored potassium per-
manganate solution, sodium sulfate), instillation of activated
charcoal, and shock prophylaxis (quiet, warmth), the therapy
for poisonings consists of treating spasms with diazepam
(i.v.), children with chloral hydrate (rectal); monitoring of
ECG. Cardiac massage and artificial respiration may also be
required.DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: The drug is no longer used. It is a
constituent in some homeopathic preparations.LITERATURE
Chang?Hfihet-aL, (Eds): Advances in Chinese Medicinal
Materials Research^ World Scientific Pub. Co. Singapore 1985.
Gross D, (1971) Fortschr Chem Org Naturst 29:1.
Karawya MS et al., (1971) J Ass Off Ann Chem 54(6): 1423.
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used
in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New
York, 1980.
Lewin L, Giftevund Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug
Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.
Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,
Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.
Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,- Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
Schwarz HD, 100 Jahre Lobelin. In: ZPT 11(5): 159. 1990.
Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und
pflanzliche Homoopamika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New
York, 1995.Lobelia inflata
See Lobelia
Logwood
Haematoxylon campechianum
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part of the tree is the
unfermented heartwood.Flower and Fruit: The small yellow flowers grow in axillary
racemes. There are 5 petals. The fruit is a flat pod, usually
with 1 seed.Leaves, Stem and Root: Haematoxylon campechianum is a
10 to 12 m high tree. The twisted branches are thorny, while
the bark is rough and dark. The leaves have 4 pairs of small, M
smooth and cordate stipules whose tips point to the small
trunk.Habitat: The plant originated in the tropical regions of the
U.S. and is cultivated in the Caribbean and other regions.Production: Logwood is the wood from Haematoxylon
campechianum. The cultivated trees are felled in their 11th
year and the red heartwood is extracted.Other Names: Blood wood, H. lignum, Peach woodACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Homoisoflavanes (neoflavane derivatives): to some extent in
glycosidic bonds, changing over into the intensively red-
colored, quinoide hematein through oxidationTanninsEFFECTS
Logwood has astringent properties, due to the isoflavone J|
hematoxylin. An antiphlogistic effect has been proven in
animal experiments and an antimicrobial effect in vitro.
Hemateine and hematoxylin are said to inhibit the production
of melanin in skin when used topically.INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Unproven Uses: Folk medicine uses have included diarrhea
and hemorrhage.