PDR for Herbal Medicines

562/ORRIS PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

ulcer-protective, spasmolytic and serotonin-antagonistic

effect.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: Orris has been used for disorders of the

respiratory system.

Homeopathic Uses: This species has been used to treat

disorders of the respiratory tract or thyroid gland, for

digestion complaints and headaches.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

General: No health hazards or side effects are known in

conjunction with the proper administration of designated

therapeutic dosages. The juice of the fresh plant has a

severely irritating effect upon skin and mucous membranes.

If taken internally, it can lead to vomiting, abdominal pain

and bloody diarrhea. Severe inflammation occurs following

mucous membrane contact.

Pregnancy: Not to be used during pregnancy.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Iris is available in homeopathic

dilutions, as a constituent of various combination prepara-

tions and in various tea mixtures.

LITERATURE

Bambhole VD, Jiddewar GG, (1985) Sach Ayurveda 37(9):557.

Duke JA, A Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Pub. CRC Press

Boca Raton 1985.

El Moghazy AM et al., (1980) Fitoterapia 5:237.

Frohne D, Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fur

Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlags-

Ges Stuttgart 1997.

Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der

Pharmazeutische»~Pfaxisr4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, .Springer Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Krick W et al., (1983) Z Naturforsch Sect C Biosci 38 (9/10):

689.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergifrungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Morita N et al., (1973) Chem Pharm Bull 21, 600.

Poisonous Plants in Britain and Their Effects on Animals and

Man, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Pub; HMSO

UK 1984.

Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer

Verlag Heidelberg 1992.

Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologie, Chemie,

Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.

Tsukida K et al., (1973) Phytochemistry 12:2318.

Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und

pflanzliche Homoopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New

York 1995.

Wichtl M (Hrsg.), Teedrogen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.

Stuttgart 1997.

Orthosiphon spicatus

See Java Tea

Oryza sativa

See Rice

Oswego Tea

Monarda didyma

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part of the plant is the herb.

Flower and Fruit: The terminal flowers are in 1 to 3 richly

blossomed false whorls supported by bracts. The bracts bear

leaflets that are pale green with a reddish tinge. The calyx

tips are awl-shaped. The corolla is scarlet and 3.5 to 6 cm in

length. The plant is propagated using root cuttings.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a bristly haired to

glabrous 50 to 90 cm high herbaceous perennial with

runners. The stems are erect, acutely quadrangular, grooved

and hard. The leaves are in pairs, ovate-lanceolate, clearly

petiolate, crenate and often rough on both sides.

Characteristics: Monarda didyma has a scent similar to that

of the bergamot orange.

Habitat: The plant is indigenous to swampy regions from

Georgia and Michigan in the U.S. and to wet areas extending

northward to Ontario, Canada.

Other Names: Scarlet Monarda, Bee Balm, Blue Balm, High

Balm, Low Balm, Mountain Balm, Mountain Mint,

Bergamot

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Volatile oil (0.1-0.3%): including among others carvacrol,

thymol, p-cymene, linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, oci-

mene, alpha-pinene, camphene, Delta3-carene

Flavonoids: including linarin, didymin (isosakurenatin-7-O-

beta-D), isosakuranin, genkwanin