PDR for Herbal Medicines

506/PAPAYA PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

PAPAYA LEAVES

No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction

with the proper administration of designated therapeutic

dosages.

DOSAGE

RAW PAPAIN

Daily Dosage: The dosage depends on the composition of

the enzyme substitute preparation.

How Supplied:

Chewable Tablets

Tablets

PAPAYA LEAVES
Daily Dosage: No information is available.
LITERATURE
RAW PAPAIN
Buttle DJ et al., Affinity purification of the novel cysteine
proteinase papaya proteinase IV, and papain from papaya latex.
In: Biochem J 261(2):469-476.
Lohiya NK et al., Antifertility effects of aqueous extract of
Carica papaya seeds in male rats. In: PM 60(5):400. 1994.
McKee RA, Smith H, Purification of proteinases from Carica
papaya. In: PH 25:2283. 1986.
Zoch E, Uber die Inhaltsstoffe des Handelspapains. In: Arzneim
Forsch 19:1593. 1969.
Further information in:
Kem W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,
Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.. ..-?•- ;"""" *
Shaw D, Leon C, Kolex S, Traditional remedies and food
supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf
1997 Nov; 17(5):342-56.
Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
Stuttgart 1997.
PAPAYA LEAVES
Hegnauer R, Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11,
Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin 1962-1997.
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,
Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Oliver-Bever B (Ed.), Medicinal Plants of Tropical West Africa,
Cambridge University Press Cambridge, London 1986.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.

Pareira

Chondrodendron tomentosum

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the curare, which is

the extract from the fresh or dried trunk, along with the bark

and the dried roots.

Flower and Fruit: The flowers grow in axillary clusters 10 to

15 cm long on stems that are often unbranched. There are 9

outer pubescent sepals about 1 mm long. The inner 6 sepals

are about 3.5 mm long and glabrous. The petals are 0.4 mm

long. The fruit is a drupe about 12 mm long and 9 mm wide

on'a stem 4 mm long.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a climber that grows up

to 30 m in height. The stems are velvety. The petioles are

short-haired at the base, have long erect hairs near the leaf

blade and are about 8 to 12 cm long. The leaves are

somewhat coriaceous,-entire-margined, sparse above and

tomentose beneath. They are mildly cordate, triangular-ovate

or roundish and obtuse, 10 to 15 cm in length and width. The

root is about 2 to 5 cm in diameter, tortuous, black,

longitudinally furrowed with transverse ridges and some

constrictions. Internally the root is grayish-brown, and the

transverse section shows three or four concentric rings

traversed by wide medullary rays. The stem pieces are

similar but the external surface is grayish and marked with

numerous round, warty lenticels. -*--

Characteristics: The taste is at first bitter, then slightly

sweet- The plant is odorless.

Habitat: The plant is found in western Bolivia, Peru,

Ecuador, central Columbia and Panama.

Production: Pareira root is the root of Chondrodendron

tomentosum. Tubocurare is extracted from the fresh or dried

trunk with bark of the same plant.

Other Names: Pereira Brava, Velvet Leaf, Ice Vine

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Bibenzyl isoquinoline alkaloids: including, among others, D-

tubocurarine, chondrocurarine, (-)-curine, (+)-chondrofoline,

chondrocurine, isochondrodendrine

EFFECTS

Tubocurare contains tubocurarine and acts as an emmena-

gogic and diuretic.