PDR for Herbal Medicines

610/POPPYSEED PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

milk), illnesses connected with reduced respiratory function,

pancreatitis, colon ulcers, elevated internal cranial pressure,

acute hepatitis propheria and biliary colic. Caution is to be

observed when administering in the presence of Addison's

disease and hypothyroidism because of opium's centrally

depressive effect.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper

administration of designated therapeutic dosages. However,

the following can occur as side effects: clonic twitching,

constipation, dizziness, general weakness, headache, hyper-

thermia, itchy skin, rashes and trembling of the hands.

Sensitization has been reported, with papaverin the presumed

allergen.

OVERDOSAGE

Overdosage leads initially to reduction of mental capacity,

reactive euphoria, analgesia, miosis, bradycardia, slowed

respiration. That can progress to respiratory failure, cyanosis.

tonic-clonic spasms, pylorospasm and sphincterism, intesti-

nal atonia, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary and brain edemas.

Following gastrointestinal emptying (inducement of vomit-

ing, gastric lavage with burgundy-colored potassium per-

manganate solution, sodium sulfate) and instillation of

activated charcoal, the therapy for poisoning consists of

electrolyte substitution, treating possible cases of acidosis

with sodium bicarbonate infusions and administration of

plasma volume expanders in the event of shock. Intubation

and oxygen respiration may also be necessary. Naloxone

(i.v.) is suitable as an antidote.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Opium is obsolete as a drug.

Morphine is administered as a pure substance and in

combination with other active substances, although it has

been extensively replaced by synthetic analgesia. Codeine is

used by itself and in combination with other agents.

Numerous cases of death due to opium use are known.

LITERATURE

Amann T, Zenk MH, Endogenes Morphin. In: DAZ I36(7):519-

527. 
     
     
     
     1996. Bethke T, Codein. In: DAZ I33(6):433. 1993.
           Buch, In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Volume
           104/1 und 104/11: Opioids I und II. Springer-Verlag Berlin,
           Heidelberg, New York, 1993.
           Buchbauer G et al., Headspace constituents of opium. In: PM
           60(2): 181. 1994.
           Czygan FC, Hellas und Phytopharmaka. In: DAZ 135(51/
           52):4707-4711. 1995.
     
     
     
     

Freye E, Leopold C, Opiate und Opiatantagonisten. I.
Theoretischen Grundlagen der Opioidwirkung. In: DAZ
131(29):1517. 1991.

Pfeifer S, Mohn - eine Arzneipflanze seit mehr als zweitausend

Jahren, Teil 1 und 2. In: PA 17:467-479 et 536-554. 1962.

Repasi J, Hosztafi S, Szabó Z, 5'-0-Demethylnarcotin:

A New Alkaloide from Papaver somniferum. In: PM 59(5):477.

1993.

Znek MH, Uber das Opium, das den Schmerz besiegt und die

Sucht weckt. In: PZ 139(48):4185. 1994.

Further information in:

Frohne D, Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fur

Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl.. Wiss. Verlags-

Ges. Stuttgart 1997.

Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der

Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8. Springer Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Schulz R, Hansel R, Rationale Phytotherapie. Springer Verlag
   Heidelberg 1996.
   Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
   Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
   Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel. 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.
   Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologic Chemie,
   Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.
   Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und
   pflanzliche Homoopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New
   York 1995.

Populus species

See Poplar

Potentilla

Potentilla anserina

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are leaves and flowers,

whole or macerated, collected during or shortly before the

flowering season and dried.

Flower and Fruit: The flowers are solitary on long pedicles

of lateral shoots growing from the stem nodes. They are 1.5

to 3 cm wide. There are 5 epicalyx bracts, 5 sepals and 5

petals. The last are twice as long as the sepals and are golden

yellow, ovate and without a distinct margin. The 20 stamens

have ovate anthers. The styles occur laterally, are thread-like