PDR for Herbal Medicines

706 /SOUTHERN BAYBERRY PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Characteristics: The taste is astringent and bitter. The leaves

have an aromatic odor.

Habitat: The plant is found in the eastern and southern

regions of the U.S. and around Lake Erie.

Production: Bayberry bark is the bark from the trunk and

branches of Myrica cerifera.

Other Names: Bayberry, Candleberry, Tallow Shrub, Vege-

table Tallow, Waxberry, Wax IVlyrtle, Myrica

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Volatile oil (traces)

Tannins

Resins

The constituents of the drug have not been extensively

investigated.

EFFECTS

The active compounds have diaphoretic, stimulant and

astringent effects..

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INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: The drug is used internally for coughs and

colds, and externally for skin diseases and ulcers.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

No health hazards or side elfects are known in conjunction

with the proper administration of designated therapeutic

dosages. Higher dosages of the drug are said to trigger

vomiting, and are used as an emetic.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: The drug is available as a liquid

extract for internal use, and in powder form.

How Supplied:

Capsules — 450 mg, 475 mg

Liquid Extract — I.T

LITERATURE
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. AufL, Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used
in Food Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New
York 1980.
Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,
Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Paul BD et ah, (1974) J Pharm Sci 63:958.

Yoshizawa S et al., (1987) Phytother Res 1(1):44.

Southern Tsangshu

(Cang-Zhu)

Atractylodes lance a

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts of the plant are the

whole plant and roots.

Flower and Fruit: The composite flowers are surrounded by

bracts. The capitulas are apical and upright, with a diameter

of 1.5 to 2 cm. The calyx is double-rowed and double-

pinnate. The lingual florets are in 7 or 8 rows, whitish and 1

to 1.2 cm long. The fruit is an achaene.-The pappus is

brownish and 8 to 9 mm long.

Leaves, Stem and Root: Southern Tsangshu is an upright,

herbaceous perennial with a rhizome that extends up to 1 m

high. The basal leaves wilt rapidly, the upper cauline leaves

are alternate, small, usually simple and sessile. The lower

leaves are long-petiolate and 8 to 10 cm long. The lamina is

pergament-like, single pinnate with 3 to 5 elongate-elliptical

leaflets. The apical leaflet is larger with short thorns on the

margin. The rhizome is elongate, gnarled, 2 to 3 cm thick

and up to 8 cm long.

Habitat: Cang-Zhu is indigenous to Japan and China.

Production: Southern Tsangshu rhizome is the dried rhizome

of Atractylodes lancea. The rhizome is dug up in spring or

autumn and dried. In order to obtain the cut drug, the

rhizome is soaked after being cleaned and cut into slices.

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Volatile oil (1.5%): components including p-cymol, beta-

selinene, alpha curcumene, elemol, hinesol, beta-eudesmol

Sesquiterpenes: 3 beta-hydroxyatractylon, 3beta-acetoxy-

atractylon

Polyynes: including atractylodin, atractylodinol, acety-

latratylodinol

EFFECTS

The sesquiterpenes and furanosesquiterpenes contained in

the essential oil of the drug have hepatoprotective, immuno-

stimulating and intestinal motility-enhancing effects, while

also inhibiting the secretion of gastric juices. The smoke of

the^dmg is said to have antiseptic characteristics, while the

essential oil is additionally credited with a sedative effect,

derived from its beta-eudesmol and hinesol content.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: Southern Tsangshu is used for diarrhea,

feelings of fullness in the lower abdomen, lack of strength

including atrophy, rheumatic pain, colds and night blindness.