PDR for Herbal Medicines

748/SWEET ORANGE PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Production: Orange peel consists of the fresh or dried outer

peel of ripe fruits of Citrus sinensis, separated from the white

pith layer, as well as its preparations in effective dosage.

Other Names: Orange, China Orange, Citrus dulcis

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Volatile oil: chief components in the fresh pericarp include

(+)~Jimonene, furthermore citral (as an odor-bearer), citro-

nellal, nootkatone, sinesal, n-nonanal, n-decanal, n-dodeca-

nal, linalyl acetate, geranyl acetat, citronellyl acetat, methyl

anthranilate. Pressed oils also contain lipophilic flavonoids

and furocoumarins.

Flavonoids

EFFECTS

Sweet Orange promotes gastric juice secretion.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

• Dyspeptic complaints


• Loss of appetite
  PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
  No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction
  with the proper administration of designated therapeutic
  dosages. There is a low potential for sensitization through
  skin contact with the volatile oil.
  DOSAGE
  Mode of Administration: Comminuted herb for teas and
  other bitter-tasting galenic preparations for oral
  administration.
  Daily Dosage: 10 to 15 gm of drug.
  LITERATURE
  Ihrig M, Qualitatskontrolle von sup^em Orangenschalenol. In: PZ
  140(26):2350-2353. J 995.
  Further information in:
  Hausen B, Allergiepflanzen, Pflanzenallergene, ecomed
  Verlagsgesellsch. mbH, Landsberg 1988.
  Kem W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der
  Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. AufL, Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag
  Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Sweet Sumach

Rhus aromatica

>ESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the dried and fresh

aot bark.

lower and Fruit: The flowers are in 1 to 1.5 cm long, false

}ikes. They are yellow-green and often appear before the

leaves are fully developed. The fruit is a globular, yellow-

red, pubescent drupe.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a fragrant 1 to 2.4 m

high shrub with glabrous red-brown annual growth and small

to 10 cm-long trifoliate leaves. The leaflets are oval and the

middle one is cuneate at the base. The leaflets are irregularly

dentate and initially pubescent on both sides. Later the

leaflets turn glabrous on the upper surface and eventually

pubescent only on the ribs of the lower surface.

Habitat: The plant is indigenous to Atlantic North America.

Production: Sweet Sumach root-bark is the, root-bark of

Rhus aromatica.

Other Names: Polecat-Bush, Smooth, Sumach, Sweet Fra-

grant Sumach, Sumac

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Phenol glycosides: orcin-O-beta-D-glucoside

Steroids: sterols, including beta-sitosterol, stigmast-7-en-

3beta-oIe

Tannins

Triterpenes: including oleanolic aldehyde

Volatile oil (0.01 to 0.07%); very complex in mixture, with

constituents including delta-cadinene, camphene, delta3-car-

ene, beta-elemene, famesyl acetone, alpha- and beta-pinene,

fatty acids

EFFECTS

The drug has an antimicrobial and antiviral effect due to the

tannins (gallic acid). In animal experiments it increased

contraction of the smooth muscles of ileum. Two older

studies describe an improvement in the symptoms of urinary

incontinence.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: In folk medicine Sweet Sumach is used for

irritable bladder, urinary incontinence, enuresis nocturna and

uterine bleeding.

Homeopathic Uses: Rhus aromatica is used for weak bladder

conditions.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction

with the proper administration of designated therapeutic

dosages.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Sweet Sumach is available in crude

powder form and in compounded preparations for oral

intake. It is also available in parenteral form for homeopathic

use.