Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

REFERENCES

See the General References forBAILEY1;BRUNETON;DER MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;GUPTA;MARTINDALE;
MCGUFFIN1&2;MERCK;TERRELL;USD26th.

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   (2001).


2. R. M. Heinicke, U.S. Pat. 3,002,891
   (1961).


3. T. Enomoto et al.,Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 17 ,
   331 (1967).


4. S. Mineshita and Y. Nagai, Jpn. J.
   Pharmacol., 27 , 170 (1977).


5. W. M. Cooreman et al., Pharm. Acta
   Helv., 51 , 73 (1976).


6. G. E. Felton,Hawaii Med. J., 36 (2), 39
   (1977).


7. International Commission on Pharma-
   ceutical Enzymes, Farm. Tijdschr.
   Belg., 54 , 85 (1977).


8. S. J. Taussig and S. Batkin,J. Ethno-
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BROOM TOPS

Source: Cytisus scoparius(L.) Link (syn.
Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm.; S.
vulgarisWimm.;Spartium scopariumL.)
(Family Leguminosae or Fabaceae).

Common/vernacular names: Banal, broom
tops, hogweed, Irish broom, scoparius, Scotch
broom.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Deciduous shrub with erect slender branches,
up to about 3 m high; native to central and
southern Europe; naturalized in North America
(invasive along the west coast from North
California to British Columbia); also grows in
Asia and South Africa; widely grown in Japan
as an ornamental. Parts used are the dried
flowering tops collected just before blooming.

Scotch broom should not be confused with

its relative Spanish broom, which isSpartium

junceumL. (seegenet).

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Contains alkaloids, including the major alka-

loids, sparteine (ca. 0.3%) and lupanine, and

genisteine, sarothamnine, and others; simple

amines (tyramine, hydroxytyramine, epinine,

salsolidine, etc.)1,2; flavonoids, including sco-

parin (scoparoside), spiraeoside, and others;

flavones (vitexin and others); isoflavones (ge-

nistein, orobol, sarothamnoside); pigments

(e.g., taraxanthin and flavoxanthin); amino

acids; volatile oil (containing 4-mercapto-4-

methylpentane-2-one); coumarins, cafeic acid

derivatives; tannin; wax; fat; and sugars

(KARRER;WICHTL).^3 Essential oil of the fresh

flowers contains alcohols, coumarins, eugenol,

benzoic acid, guaiacol, fatty acids, and others.^4

Broom tops 115