formulations; also in drinks, especially aloe
vera, fruit juice, and herbal drinks.
COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS
Carrageenan and its ammonium, calcium,
potassium, and sodium salts come in many
grades and types to meet specific end use
requirements. Official in F.C.C. and N.F.Regulatory Status. Carrageenan and its salts
are GRAS (§172.620, §172.623, §172.626),
§182.7255, §582.7115, §582.7255).REFERENCES
See the General References forFEMA;FURIA;GLICKSMAN;GRIEVE;LAWRENCE;LEWIS AND ELVIN-LEWIS;LUST;
MARTINDALE;MCGUFFIN1&2;UPHOF;WHISTLER AND BEMILLER;WREN;YOUNGKEN.
- E. L. McCandless et al.,Can. J. Bot., 55 ,
2053 (1977). - D. J. Stancioff and D. W. Renn,ACS
Symp. Ser., 15 , 282 (1975). - R. L. Whistler and C. L. Smart,Polysa-
ccharide Chemistry, Academic Press,
New York, 1953, p. 218. - C. T. Blood in L. W. Codd et al., eds.,
Chemical Technology: An Encyclopedic
Treatment, Vol. 5 , Barnes & Noble,
New York, 1972, p. 27. - K. B. Guiseley in A. Standen, ed.,Kirk-
Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology, Vol. 17, 2nd ed., Wiley–
Interscience, New York, 1968, p. 763. - R. L. Whistler in W. H. Schultz et al., eds.,
Symposium on Foods: Carbohydrates
and Their Roles, AVI, Westport, CT,
1969, p. 73.- S. M. Cohen and N. Ito, Crit. Rev.
Toxicol., 32 , 413 (2002). - J. E. Sawicki and P. J. Catanzaro,Int.
Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 49 , 709
(1975). - C. J. Morris,Methods Mol. Biol., 225 , 115
(2003). - E. E. Deschner et al., Clin. Gastro-
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13 , 49 (1977). - A. Trius and J. G. Sebranek,Food Sci.
Nutr., 36 , 69 (1996).
CARROT OILS
Source:Daucus carotaL. (Family Umbelli-
ferae or Apiaceae).
Common/vernacular names:Carrot oil, oil of
carrot, wild carrot oil, Queen Anne’s lace.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Annual or biennial herb with erect, much
branched stem; up to about 1.5 m high. The
common cultivated carrot, D. carota
L. subsp.sativus(Hoffm.) Arcang., has an
edible fleshy, orange-red taproot, while the
wild carrot, or Queen Anne’s lace,D.carota
L. subsp. carota, has an inedible, tough
whitish root; wild carrot is native to Europe,
Asia, and North America; naturalized in
North America. Part used is the dried fruit,
from which carrot seed oil is obtained by
steam distillation. Carrot root oil is obtained
by solvent extraction of the red carrot (root);
it contains high concentrations of carotenes
(a,b, etc.).Carrot oils 147