Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

Others. Solvent extracts of allspice have
shown potentin vitroantioxidant activity9,19
and antimutagenic activity.^19 Radical scaveng-
ingactivitywasfoundfromvariousconstituents
of the berries including gallic acid, galloylglu-
cosides,^8 phenylpropanoids, eugenol, and
vanillin.^9 Afluidextractoftheberrieshasshown
invitroantibacterial and antifungalactivities.^20

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Crude, oleoresin, berry, and leaf oils. Allspice

and allspice oil were formerly official in N.F.;

allspice oil and pimenta leaf oil are official in

F.C.C.

Regulatory Status. Herb as natural flavoring

or spice (§182.10) and essential oil, natural

extractive, and solvent-free oleoresin are

GRAS for use in foods (§182.20).

REFERENCES

See the General References forARCTANDER;AYENSU;BAILEY1;BARNES;BAUER,FEMA;FURIA;GOSSELIN;
GUENTHER;HARBOURNE AND BAXTER;KARRER;MARSH;MARTINDALE;MCGUFFIN1&2;ROSENGARTEN;TERRELL;
WENIGER AND ROBINEAU.

1. M. Ilyas,Econ. Bot., 30 , 273 (1976).


2. C. L. Green and F. Espinosa,Dev. Food
   Sci., 18 , 3 (1988).


3. E. G. Chinenova et al., Konserv.
   Ovoshchesush. Prom., 24 , 31 (1969).


4. P. R. Ashurst,An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 44
   (Suppl.), 198 (1972).


5. J. W. Hogg et al.,Am. Perfum. Cosmet.,
   86 , 33 (1971).


6. J. Pino et al.,Nahrung, 33 , 717 (1989).


7. J. Nabney and F. V. Robinson,Flav. Ind.,
   3 , 50 (1972).


8. H. Kikuzaki et al.,J. Nat. Prod., 63 , 749
   (2000).


9. H. Kikuzaki et al.,Phytochemistry, 52 ,
   1307 (1999).


10. B. Voesgen et al.,Z. Lebensm. Unters.
    Forsch., 170 , 204 (1980).


11. J. M. Schulz and K. Herrmann, Z.
    Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 171 , 278
    (1980).


12. M. Teotia et al.,Indian Food Packer, 41
    (5), 49 (1987).


13. E. Calderon Gomez et al.,Rev. Colomb.
    Cienc. Quim. Farm., 2 , 37 (1974).


14. M. E. Veek and G. F. Russell,J. Food Sci.,
    38 , 1028 (1973).


15. A. J. Al-Rehaily et al.,Pharm. Biol., 40 ,
    200 (2002).


16. F. Meyer and E. Meyer, Arzneim.-
    Forsch., 9 , 516 (1959).


17. Y. Kato,Koryo, 113 , 17, 24 (1975).


18. K. Oishi et al.,Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,
    40 , 1241 (1974).


19. A. Ramos et al.,J. Ethnopharmacol., 87 ,
    241 (2003).


20. M. Rodriguez et al.,Alimentaria, 34 , 107
    (1996).

ALMONDS

Source:Sweet almondPrunus dulcis(Mill.)
D. A. Webb (syn.Prunus amygdalusBatsch
var. dulcis (DC.) Koehne). Bitter almond
Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D. A. Webb var.amara
(DC.) H. E. Moore (syn.Prunus amygdalus

Batsch var. amara (DC.) Focke) (Family

Rosaceae).

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The almond tree,Prunus dulcis, is also known

as P. communis (L.) Arcang, Amygdalus

Almonds 21