Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

Regulatory Status. Regulated as a dietary
supplement in the United States; extract,
essential oil, and solvent-free oleoresin of the
root, seed, or stem are GRAS for use in
foods (§182.20); root and seed are GRAS for
use in foods as a spice or natural flavoring
(§182.10). In Germany, the fruit and roots are
subjects of official monographs. The crude
root at a daily dose of 4.5 g and galenical

preparations are indicated for internal use for

appetite loss and digestive ailments, including

mild gastrointestinal tract spasms and flatu-

lence. Crude fruit (seed) and preparations are

not recommended for use as diuretics

and diaphoretics because efficacy and safety

have not been established (BLUMENTHAL 1;

WICHTL).

REFERENCES

See the General Reference forBARNES;BARRETT;BIANCHINI AND CORBETTA;BISSET;BLUMENTHAL1;
BRUNETON;DE NAVARRE;DE NAVARRE;DER MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;FEMA;FOSTER;GRIEVE;GUENTHER;
GUPTA;JIANGSU;MARTINDALE;MCGUFFIN1&2;TERRELL;TUTIN2;UPHOF.

1. D. L. J. Opdyke,Food Cosmet. Toxicol.,
   13 (Suppl.), 713 (1975).


2. J. Taskinen,Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. B,
   29 , 637 (1975).


3. W. Steck and B. K. Bailey,Can. J. Chem.,
   47 , 2425 (1969).


4. A. B. Svendsen,Blyttia, 11 , 96 (1953).


5. A. Chatterjee and S. Dutta,Indian J.
   Chem., 6 , 415 (1968).


6. P. H€arm€al€a et al.,Planta Med., 58 , 288
   (1992).


7. J. Carbonnier and D. Molho,Planta Med.,
   44 , 162 (1982).


8. G. I. Kas’yanov et al., Khim. Prir.
   Soedin., 1 , 108 (1977).


9. B. E. Nielsen and H. Kofod,Acta Chem.
   Scand., 17 , 1161 (1963).
   10. S. C. Basa et al.,Chem. Ind. (London), 13 ,
   355 (1971).
   11. D. L. J. Opdyke,Food Cosmet. Toxicol.,
   12 (Suppl.), 821 (1974).
   12. A. Patra et al.,Indian J. Chem.,14B, 816
   (1976).
   13. T. Beyrich, Arch. Pharm., 298 , 672
   (1965).
   14. M. Ashraf et al.,Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 23 ,
   73 (1980).
   15. N. Saksena and H. H. S. Tripathi,
   Fitoterapia, 56 , 243 (1985).
   16. P. H€arm€al€a et al.,Planta Med., 58 , 176
   (1992).
   17. M. T. Khayyal et al.,Arzneim.-Forsch.,
   51 ,545 (2001).
   18. M. L. Yeh et al.,Pharmacology, 68 ,70
   (2003).

ANGOSTURA BARK

Source:Angostura trifoliata(Willd.) T. S.
(syn.Cusparia febrifugaHumb. ex DC.,
Galipea officinalis Hancock) (Family
Rutaceae).

Common/vernacular names:Angustura, car-
ony, and cusparia bark.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Angostura trifoliatais a shrubby tree native to

northern South America. In Venezuela, it

grows in mountainous areas at an altitude of

between 200 and 300 m above sea level (USD

23 RD).

Formerly, angostura bark was believed to

be the bark ofCusparia trifoliataEngl. (syn.

34 Angostura bark