Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

REFERENCES

See the General References forEVANS;FEMA;FURIA;GRIEVE;MCGUFFIN1&2;MORTON2;TERRELL;UPHOF.

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ARNICA

Source:Arnica montanaL. (Family Compo-
sitae or Asteraceae).

Common/vernacular names:Arnica, Europe-
an arnica, leopard’s bane, mountain tobacco,
and wolf’s bane.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Perennial herb, up to about 0.6 m high; native
to mountainous regions of Europe; cultivated
in northern India. Part used is the dried flower
head.

Several American Arnica species

(“American arnica”) have also been used

(A. fulgensPursh,A. sororiaGreen, andA.

cordifoliaHook.), all of which are nativeto the

region of the western Rocky Mountains.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Contains up to 1% (normally about 0.3%) of a

viscous volatile oil, about half of which is

composed of fatty acids, with palmitic, lino-

leic, myristic, and linolenic acids predomi-

nant. Aromatic constituents present include

terpenes, thymol, thymol methyl ether, 4-

hydroxy-thymol dimethyl ether, andisobutyric

42 Arnica