Since the world is in a constant state of change, space cannot
be considered as a static condition where everything is standing
still. There are static elements in space, however, in the form of
buildings, roads, forests etc. Even legislation can, over a certain
period, be taken as relatively static. On consideration of the pre-
paratory work behind forming legislation, however, it becomes
apparent that there is more dynamism within the process than
first envisaged. More locally based regulations and norms can be
changed much more rapidly, even during the course of a response
operation. We can consider, for example, extensive flooding af-
fecting large areas of a municipality, where, during the course of
There is a fire in a storeroom for hazardous waste. To reduce the effect, the
fire brigade in Allmänsta applies a large quantity of extinguishing water.
Unfortunately the water carries hazardous waste with it from the store and
out into a nearby stream. The long term effect of water on the environment
must be dealt with at the same time as the fire must be extinguished. To
manage this problem, one requires a good understanding of how various
sections of space can affect one another in the short and long term.
Example 7