Principles of Food Sanitation

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should be administered only by professional
pest control operators.
Prior to the use of insecticides approved
for edible food products or supply storage
areas, all exposed food and supply items
should be covered or removed from the area
to be treated. The equipment used in spray-
ing inevitably will become contaminated and
must be thoroughly cleansed before reuse.
This is best accomplished by scrubbing with
a cleaning compound and hot water, then
rinsing. Products containing residual-type
insecticides should not be used on any sur-
faces that come into contact with food. A
fumigation procedure is not recommended
unless it appears to be the only effective
method, and even then only when it is car-
ried out by a professional fumigator. Under
no circumstances should regular plant per-
sonnel or supervisors attempt this type of
work unless they are thoroughly trained.
Even when professional fumigators are used,
the plant managers should ensure themselves
that all precautions have been taken in accor-
dance with accepted safety practices.
The following precautions, suggested by
the National Restaurant Association Educa-
tion Foundation (1992), should be consid-
ered when applying pesticides:



  1. Pesticide containers should be properly
    identified and labeled.

  2. Exterminators employed should have
    insurance on their work to protect the
    establishment, employees, and cus-
    tomers.

  3. Instructions should be followed when
    using pesticides. These chemicals
    should be used for only the designated
    purposes. An insecticide effective
    against one type of insect may not
    destroy other pests.

  4. The weakest poison that will destroy
    the pests should be used with the rec-
    ommended concentration.
    5. Oil-based and water-based sprays
    should be used in appropriate loca-
    tions. Oil-based sprays should be
    applied where water can cause an elec-
    trical short circuit, shrink fabric, or
    cause mildew. Water-based sprays
    should be applied in locations where oil
    may cause fire, damage to rubber or
    asphalt, or an objectionable odor.
    6. Prolonged exposure to sprays should be
    avoided. Protective clothing should be
    worn during application, and hands
    should be washed after the application
    of pesticides.
    7. Food, equipment, and utensils should
    not be contaminated with pesticides.
    8. If accidental poisoning occurs, a physi-
    cian should be called. If a physician is
    unavailable, a fire department, rescue
    squad, or poison control center should
    be contacted. If immediate assistance
    cannot be obtained, treatment should
    include induction of vomiting by
    inserting a finger down the throat, with
    a follow-up of 2 tablespoons of Epsom
    salts or milk of magnesia in water, fol-
    lowed by one or more glasses of milk
    and/or water. If the poison does not
    present immediate danger, no action
    should be taken until a physician
    arrives. Poisoning from heavy metals
    should be treated with the administra-
    tion of a half-teaspoon of bicarbonate
    of soda in a glass of water, 1 table-
    spoon of salt in a glass of warm water
    (until vomit is clear), 2 tablespoons of
    Epsom salts in a glass of water, and two
    or more glasses of water. If strychnine
    poisoning occurs, administer 1 table-
    spoon of salt in a glass of water within
    10 minutes to induce vomiting, fol-
    lowed by 1 teaspoon of activated char-
    coal in half a glass of water. The victim
    should then be laid down and kept
    warm.


Pest Control 251
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