paper cups, Ivy’s response also implies that this was not a blinded study. The researchers knew which athletes were receiving which supplement. 2. How Many Calories?
The article is inconsistent in reporting caloric content. For example, the article states that the carbohydrate-protein
group received 80 grams of carbohydra
te, 28 grams of protein, and 6
grams of fat for a subtotal of 378 calories on each of two occasions for a total of 756 calories.
There are 4 calories for every gram of carbohydrate and protein;
there are 9 calories for every gram of fat. The expected subtotal per feeding is 486 calories; the expected total is 972 calories.
Where are the missing 216 calories? Again, I contacted the study author. Ivy wrote: “You are correct; the calculations
of kcal per supplement and fat
provided are confusing and incorrect. With regard to the kcal per supplement, your calculations are correct. The CHO/PRO and HCHO supplements should each total 486 kcal. How... miscalculated the kcal per supplement, I do not know... we should have caught these mistakes.” 3. Not Enough Calories?
The total amount of carbohydrate calories given was inadequate
according to other studies in literature.
If 160 grams of carbohydrate were given before the 4-hour
glycogen replenishment examination
took place, this equates to 40
grams per hour, or 160 calories.
This is about half the 1.2 grams per kilogram per hour (roughly
300 calories per hour for a 135-pound athlete) that van Loon and others have shown to be optimal.
Summary: Ivy
We do not really know. A researcher, paid by a nutritional supplement company,
published a non-blinded study of seven subjects in which methodological or reporting errors ma
ke interpretation impossible.
We do not know, with any certainty, how many calories of
carbohydrate, protein, or fat any of the groups received. The carbohydrate-protein group may have received more calories. The total amount of calories received by all groups was probably low.
No Effect of A
dditional Protein
Van Hall et al, JAP, 2000
14
Five volunteers were studied on three occasions. They received one of three drinks: (a) carbohydrate-protein, (b)
carbohydrate alone, or (c) water.
The results of the study are illustrated in
Figure 10
.
Subjects ingested 600 milliliters immediately after exercise and
then 150 milliliters every 15 minutes for 4 hours.
The solutions contained (a) 1.67 gram sucrose per kilogram per
liter of body weight and 0.5 grams
whey protein per kilogram per
liter, (b) 1.67 gram sucrose per kilogram, or (c) water.
Since subjects received 600 milliliters per hour after the initial
bolus, they received (a) 1 gram per
kilogram per hour of sucrose and
0.3 gram per kilogram of protein or (b) 1 gram per kilogram per hour of sucrose or (c) no calories.
14 Van Hall, G., et al. (2000). Muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery from cycle exercise: no effect of
additional protein ingestion. Journal of Applied Physiology. 88(1631). http://jap.physiology.org/ cgi/reprint/88/5/1631?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hit
s=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=hall&andorexa
ctfulltext=and&searchid=1101345615095_9490&stor
ed_search=&FIRSTINDEX=
0&sortspec=relevance
&volume=88&resourcetype=1. Accessed 11-25-2004.
Nutrition for Sports, Essentials of 71
