Detergents 137
FIGURE 4.15 Synthesis of neutral and basic metal salicylates.
OH
COOK
R
OH
C
O M O
C
OH
R R
O O OH
C
O M O
C
OH
R R
O O
Potassium
alkylsalicylate
OH
COOH
R
Alkylsalicylic
acid
HCI
n MCO 3
·
Basic or overbased metal salicylate
M = Ca or Mg
+ KCI
Neutral metal salicylate
(soap)
Excess base
CO 2
Base
Stoichiometric
amount
Metal halide
FIGURE 4.16 Synthesis of neutral and basic phosphonates.
R
R
R
OH
P
R 1
R
OH
S
R
R
R 1
R
P
OH
O M O P
S S
HO
R
R
R
R 1
R
R
R
R
R 1
R
P
OH
O M O P
S S
HO
R
R
R
R 1
R
R
R
R
R
P O
R 1
O
M
R
S
Overbased or basic alkenylphosphonate
Base
Stoichiometric
amount
Polyisobutenylphosphonic
acid
X = O or S
or
R = H or alkyl
M = Ca, Ba
Divalent metal salt of
polyisobutenylphosphonic acid (soap)
Excess base CO 2
x MCO 3
·