Lubricant Additives

164 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

to note that the U.S. military and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have their own
performance requirements, which are over and above those of the API. Although the details of
various tests are available in these standards and elsewhere [119], the important engine tests that
evaluate a dispersant’s performance are listed in Tables 5.1 through 5.4.

TABLE 5.1
U.S. Gasoline Engine Tests

Engine Test Engine Type Evaluation Criteria

CRC L-38 CLR single-cylinder engine Bearing corrosion, sludge, varnish, oil
oxidation, and viscosity change
ASTM sequence IIIE 1987 Buick V6 engine Sludge, varnish, wear, and viscosity change
ASTM sequence IIIF 1996 Buick V6 engine Sludge, varnish, wear, and viscosity change
ASTM sequence VE Ford Dual-Plug head four-cylinder engine Sludge, varnish, and wear
ASTM sequence VG Ford V8 engine Sludge, varnish, and wear
TEOST Bench test Thermal and oxidative stability
High-temperature deposit test Bench test High-temperature deposits

TABLE 5.2

U.S. Diesel Engine Tests

Engine Test Engine Type Evaluation Criteria

Caterpillar 1K Caterpillar single-cylinder engine Piston deposits and oil consumption

Caterpillar 1M-PC Caterpillar single-cylinder engine Piston deposits and oil consumption

Caterpillar 1N Caterpillar single-cylinder engine Piston deposits and oil consumption

Caterpillar 1P Caterpillar single-cylinder engine Piston deposits and oil consumption

Mack T-6 Multicylinder engine Piston deposits, wear, oil

consumption, and oil thickening

Mack T-7 Multicylinder engine Oil thickening

Mack T-8 Multicylinder engine Oil thickening

Mack T-9 Multicylinder engine Soot thickening

TABLE 5.3

European Gasoline Engine Tests

Engine Test Engine Type Evaluation Criteria

ASTM sequence IIIE Six-cylinder engine High-temperature oxidation (sludge, varnish,

wear, and viscosity increase)

ASTM sequence VE Four-cylinder engine Low-temperature sludge, varnish, and wear

Peugeot TU-3M high temperature Four-cylinder single-point

injection engine

Piston deposits, ring sticking, viscosity

increase

M-B M111 black sludge Four-cylinder multipoint

injection engine

Engine sludge and cam wear

VW 1302 Four-cylinder carbureted engine Piston deposits, varnish, wear, and oil

consumption

VW T-4 Four-cylinder multipoint

injection engine

Extended drain capability