Lubricant Additives

(Kiana) #1

Dispersants 169



  1. Seebauer, J.G., C.P. Bryant. Viscosity improvers for lubricating oil composition. U.S. Patent 6,124,249
    (September 26, 2000).

  2. Adams, P.E., R.M. Lange, R. Yodice, M.R. Baker, J.G. Dietz. Intermediates useful for preparing disper-
    sant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oils. U.S. Patent 6,117,941 (September 12, 2000).

  3. Lange, R.M., C.V. Luciani. Dispersant-viscosity improves for lubricating oil composition. U.S. Patent
    5,512,192 (April 30, 1996).

  4. Lange, R.M. Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions. U.S. Patent 5,540,851
    (July 30, 1996).

  5. Hayashi, K., T.R. Hopkins, C.R. Scharf. Graft copolymers from solvent-free reactions and dispersant
    derivatives thereof. U.S. Patent 5,429,758 (July 4, 1995).

  6. Nalesnik, T.E. Novel VI improver, dispersant, and anti-oxidant additive and lubricating oil composition
    containing same. U.S. Patent 4,863,623 (September 5, 1989).

  7. Mishra, M.K., I.D. Rubin. Functionalized graft co-polymer as a viscosity index improver, dispersant,
    and anti-oxidant additive and lubricating oil composition containing same. U.S. Patent 5,409,623 (April
    25, 1995).

  8. Kapuscinski, M.K., C.S. Liu, L.D. Grina, R.E. Jones. Lubricating oil containing dispersant viscosity
    index improver. U.S. Patent 5,520,829 (May 28, 1996).

  9. Sutherland, R.J. Process for making dispersant viscosity index improvers. U.S. Patent 5,486,563
    (January 23, 1996).

  10. Bryant, C.P., B.A. Grisso, R. Cantiani. Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions.
    U.S. Patent 5,969,068 (October 19, 1999).

  11. Kiovsky ̧ T.E. Star-shaped dispersant viscosity index improver. U.S. Patent 4,077,893 (March 7, 1978).

  12. Patil, A.O. Multifunctional viscosity index improver-dispersant antioxidant. U.S. Patent 5,439,607
    (August 8, 1995).

  13. Baranski, J.R., C.A. Migdal. Lubricants containing ashless antiwear-dispersant additive having viscosity
    index improver credit. U.S. Patent 5,698,5000 (December 16, 1997).

  14. Sutherland, R.J., R.B. Rhodes. Dispersant viscosity index improvers. U.S. Patent 5,360,564 (November 1,
    1994).

  15. Brady, J.E., G.E. Humiston. Chemical bonding: General concepts—polar molecules and electro-
    negativity. In General Chemistry: Principles and Structure, 2nd edition. New York: Wiley, 1978,
    pp. 114 –117.

  16. Diana, W.B., J.V. Cusumano, K.R. Gorda, J. Emert, W.B. Eckstrom, D.C. Dankworth, J.E. Stanat,
    J.P. Stokes. Dispersant additives and process. U.S. Patents 5,804,667 (September 8, 1998) and 5,936,041
    (August 10, 1999).

  17. Degonia, D.J., P.G. Griffi n. Ashless dispersants formed from substituted acylating agents and their
    production and use. U.S. Patent 5,241,003 (August 31, 1993).

  18. Emert, J., R.D. Lundberg, A. Gutierrez. Oil soluble dispersant additives useful in oleaginous composi-
    tions. U.S. Patent 5,026,495 (June 25, 1991).

  19. Sung, R.L., B.J. Kaufman, K.J. Thomas. Middle distillate containing storage stability additive. U.S.
    Patent 4,948,386 (August 14, 1990).

  20. Ratner, H., R.F. Bergstrom. Non-ash containing lubricant oil composition. U.S. Patent 3,189,544
    (June 15, 1965).

  21. Norman, G.R., W.M. Le Suer. Reaction products of hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid-producing
    compound, an amine, and an alkenyl cyanide. U.S. Patents 3,278,550 (October 11, 1966) and 3,366,569
    (June 30, 1968).

  22. Morrison, R.T., R.N. Boyd. Hydrolysis of amides, pp. 671–672; Alkaline and acidic hydrolysis of esters,
    pp. 677–681. In Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1976.

  23. Baczek, S.K., W.B. Chamberlin. Petroleum additives. In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engi-
    neering, 2nd edition. New York: Wiley, 1998, Vol. 11, p. 22.

  24. Klamann, D. Viscosity–temperature (VT) function. In Lubricants and Related Products. Weinheim,
    Germany: Verlag Chemie, 1984, pp. 7–12.

  25. Schilling, A. Viscosity index improvers. In Motor Oils and Engine Lubrication. London: Scientifi c
    Publications, 1968, pp. 2.28–2.43.

  26. Engine oil viscosity classifi cation. SAE J300–Revised December 1999, SAE Standard, Society of
    Automotive Engineers.

  27. Adams, D.R., P. Brice. Multigrade lubricating compositions containing no viscosity modifi er. U.S.
    Patent 5,965,497 (October 12, 1999).

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