Lubricant Additives

242 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

Bearing Test Conditions

Bearings Cylindrical roller/thrust loaded

Speed 7.5 rpm

Load 114 kN

Bearing temperature Variable

Test duration 80 h

Other tests including Optimol SRV, Cameron-Plint, high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), Falex
multi-specimen, Vickers vane pump, Vickers 35-VQ-25 pump, and Denison high- pressure pump
tests are also used widely in evaluation of various lubricants and greases. Appropriate fi eld tests are
also arranged in proprietary test sites to ensure good product quality and equipment compatibility/
friendliness before the introduction of a new product into the marketplace.
On the engine oil side, the ILSAC is active in all phases of passenger car category development,
and the SAE is the technical society for those with interest in transportation. Within the SAE is a
Fuels and Lubricants Division/Engine Oil Technical Committee (TC-1) that serves as a forum for
open discussion of technical issues related to current and future engine lubrication needs and stan-
dard development. With the introduction of GF-3 in 2001, the industry moved to a completely new
set of engine tests for validation of passenger car engine oil performance. Although some new tests
replaced previous tests, which were running out of parts, others provided a means to measure perfor-
mance in new areas. The current category is GF-4, which superseded GF-3 in the summer of 2004.
Among the GF-4 tests, the most critical engine tests related to antiwear/EP performance are
the Sequence IVA and the Sequence IIIG. The Sequence IVA is an ASTM designation of a test
previously referred to as the KA24E, originally developed by the Japan Automotive Manufacturers
Association. It is included to replace the wear component of the Sequence VE. The Sequence IVA
is designed to evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent cam lobe wear in slider valve train design engines
operated at low temperature, short trip, and “stop and go” conditions (low-speed/low-temperature
operation). Following is a list of the test conditions and specifi cations:

Engine Nissan 2.4 L inline 4 cylinder

Engine speed 800 and 1500 rpm cycles

Engine torque 25 N m

Oil temperature 50–60°C

Cycle duration 50 min low speed/10 min high speed

Test length 100 h

7-Point cam lobe wear 120 μm maximum

The Sequence IIIG is a replacement for the Sequence IIIF and uses a current production version
of the GM 3800 Series II V-6 engine. Special camshaft and lifter metallurgy and surface fi nishing
are used to increase wear. The Sequence IIIG procedure is designed to evaluate the oil resistance to
oxidation and wear in high-speed and high-temperature vehicle operation. The test conditions and
specifi cations are summarized as follows:

Engine GM 3800 Series II V-6 (231 CID)

Engine speed 3600 rpm

Engine load 250 N m

Valve spring load 205 lb

Oil temperature 150°C

Coolant temperature 115°C

Test length 100 h

Average cam and lifter wear 60 μm maximum