FALK:TilEDEAl)SEASCHOLl~<; A'\'I)QUMRAN 169"WickedPriest"mentionedinthescroll.]]The"scriptorium" accountedfor
thelargenumberofscrolls.TheancientdescriptionsoftheEssenesasceli-
bateseemedtobeconsonantwiththecemetery,inwhichonlya small
numberofWOlllenandchildrenwereburied,andthenontheperipheries,
Pliny'sdescriptionoftheEssenesneartheDeadSeasouthofJericho,with
EinCedi"below"-ifIhisisunderstoodtollleanfurtherinthedireclionof
downslream-aptlyfitthelocationofQumran.
Initsmainoutlines,deVaux'sinterpret~lIionofKhirbetQumranhas
enjoyedtheacceptanceofmostscholarsandbecomepal1ofabroadcon-
sensusthatQumran,thescrolls,andtheEsscnesareinterrelaled.Overthe
last decade, there has been renewed interest in the archaeology of
Qumran,andmucheffortalreevaluatingtheevidence.^12 Severalcompet-
ingtheorieshaverejectedlinksbetweenthethreepointsofourtriangle,
mostnotablyKhirhetQumranasallasmoneanfortressandthescrollsas
collectionssmuggledoutofJerusalem;I.'KhirhetQumrJnasa Hasmonean
villa;11andKhirbetQumran~tSatr~ldingentrcpOI,15Noneofthesehave
provedpersuasiveoverall.
Nevertheless,even apartfrom moreradied revisionisttheories of
Qumran,serious challenges remainover several del;:lilsofdeVaux's
111hld.,116-t7.
I!lnll'rprel:uionofQumr:l!l,lrd1<lcolo~ywastheMlhjeetoflivelyandattimeshcaled
dcbah.',U:1conferenceinNcwYorkin1992:~eeMichaelO.WiseetaI.,cds.,Melb(x!soj
IlIl'eS/l8(/fiol1ojfiJI'fJl!adX'(ISuulls(lilli/beKbirbelQumral/Sill!.PresentRe(llilfes(Iud
HI/lireProsp(XfS(Ann:llsoftheNl'wYorkAcademyofSciences722;NewYork:NewYork
AcademyofScience.~,1994),t-Ill.In199,1.thefir.'>t\'olumcofaproiecltocomplcleafinal
repanonlheQumrane"cav,uion.sbydcV:HI"waspuhli~hed:JC:ln-H:lpli~telIulllbcn:ll1d
AlainC1J:nllbon,l'rJllifleslieKIJiI'IX!/Qllmrlille/deAi"1Pescbkba,\'01.I(NTOASeriesArchae-
ologica1:Fribourg:EditionsUniveT.'>itaires:G<iningen,VandenhOl.-'Ck&Ruprecht,t994).The
.'>itehasundergone1>eveT'JInew.'>urvcys,the.'>kdetonshavelx.--enree",Il11ined,sever-IIinter-
nationalconference.'>havebeendevotedtothe:JrchacologyofQumr:lll,andnumerousnew
theoriesh:lvebeenproposed.JodiJ\1'lgne.s~11:1...cmerged:l~oneoflhenlOSlprominentimer-
preteI".'>oflhesile.andherrCC·tOmbookprovide~referencestomuchoftheIiler:ltUre:secJodi
~lagnes~,'IbeArclJtw%gyojQumranandIbe{)el/(ISe'llScrolls(S1Udic~inthcDeadSC:l
ScrollsandRelaK-'dulcr:I1Ure:Gr:ll1dRapids:Eerdm:Il1.'>,2(02).
I}NonnanGO,h,"KhirhelQUlllT',ln,u1(1the~lanU.'i.CriptsoftheJude,lllWilderness'
Obscrv:llionsonthel.ogkofTheirIn\'e~ligation,''}NJiS 49 (990): 103--14:NormanGolb,
"KhirlX:1 Qumr:1t1andthe~lanuscriptFind...ofIheJudaeanWildernc.'>s:inMefbodsoj
Im:(-'stiR(lfiollql/b('Dc.'(ldSeaScrolls(llldfix'KIJirlX!1QlIlI/rt/1lSitePrc.-selJ/RI.'(/lilies(Il/(l
NI/urel~rIJSJJI.'(;{:;(cd.M.O.Wi~e,etal.;Ann:llsoftheNlOWYorkAcademyofSciences:New
York:111eNewYorkAC:ldemyofSl,.'iences,[99·1),51-72
14 ItDanced:mdP.Donl·ed.voltte."TheArch;I,-'olo~yofKhirbetQumran,-inWi...e,
Ak/bod:;<1fll~'''.'5Iip,,,Ii(J''0//bel:Jewls...u5u-014.22-J2:"'-'ctheUili'lliCbrJodiM"J.:nc.'>~."A
Villa:llKhirl)C1Qumr,IIl?"Hel'Q 16 099,1),397-419.
1~AlanD,Crown:IndLen:tCmsdale,"QlIl1lT;\n:WasItan~:SseneScttlement?-IJIlH20/2
099,1):24-35,73-7H