liJI.LEllREW:llE'T\X'FEl\HEAVB\,ANDFAWlll 17In 1959 Wrightacceptedtht:ParkmanCh;lirofDivinityat Harvard
UniversityDivinitySchool.wherehemet1loredanewgenerationofbib-
licalarchaeologistsinadditiontoa hostofbiblicalspecialists.WriglH's
greatestcontributiontoarchaeologyduringhistenureatIlarvardDivin-
ity School W:lS the practical fidd training ofa third generation of
American biblicd arch;wologists ;H Shechern and later Gezer and
ld;llion.Thedevelopmentofthe"::trchaeologictlfieldschool"aspartof
theeducationalprogramforstudentswasthefirststepinthecreationof
aprofessional approach toarchaeology. Philip Kingsummarized the
impactofthe fieldschool at ShechemunderWright'sdirectorshipas
being "responsibledirectlyorindirectlyfor establishinganumberof
otherexcavationssuchas Gezer,Taanach, Ai,Tellel-Hesi, Heshbon,
Shema,andCaeS;He:l.Thedireclorsandseveralstaffmembersofthese
digswere trained ::1l Shechem, and inall Clses Wright continued to
conferwiththecorestaffofthesesatelliteprojccts."^17 ManyofWright'S
studentsenteredacademicte::lchingfields;Hseminaries.colleges.and
universitiesduringthe 1960sand 1970s,withasignificantnumberstill
teachingtoday.Although,aswillbediscussedbelow,theirapproaches
toarchaeologyattimesdivergedfromthoseofthe"AlbrightianSchool,"
theywerestilllargelyoperatingonan"esset1lialisl"or"super-dogmatist~
model."Ill
The American allitude 10 the archaeology or Palestine was not
unique.InEurope,biblicalarch:lcologywasalsogenerallypariofbibli-
calstudiesbutusuallywasbasedinschoolsoftheology.Aswithearly
Americanarchaeological activities in Palestine. French archaeologic::tl
activitiesintheIlalyLandwefedoselyassociatedwithChristianinstitu-
tions.Thefirstarchacological~choolinPalcstine,theEcolcBibliquc,was
foundedbytheDominicll1 Father~in 1890. [tscurricula indudedthe
studyofthegeology,ancient history,orientallanguages,archaeology,
epigraphy,and culturesoftheIiolyLandandancientNear East. The
Ecole BibJiqu(.' dominated French archacological exploration in the
region andconductedseveral significamexcavationsatTell el Far'ah
(N),throughoutJerusalem,andmostnotahlyatQumran.OtherCatholic
institutionsinJl:rus::t1emalsoconducted;lrchaeologic;t1excavationsand
established educationalprogramsinbihlicalswelies.Oneofthemost
notableisthePontificalBiblicalInstituteofJerusalem,closelyaffiliated
withtheVatican.Theinnuenceoftheseinstitutionscominuesuntiltoday
with the addition of the government-supported and nonsectarian
1-Kin/-(,'"Th~Innll~nn..orG.Ern~'lWriHhl:21.
1l:lForo\'~r\'i~w~andapprab,lbofG.Ern~~tWri/-(h(~life;llldClr~cr.M:Cnolc 6 abol'c
:mdEdwardF.Clmpbell."WriJ.:hl.Gc0fJ.:CErnc'!.'"OJOAi\'Ii'i::I5Q-52;mdbihlio/-(r'Jphylhen:.