18~FrenchMission~(Centrenationalrecherchescienlifique(CNRS))toIsrael
in1950.19
Thef\ventiethcenturystanedoffonan optimisticnotcforGerman
biblicalscholarshipwiththe establishmentoftheGermanInstitutefor(he
ArchaeologyoftheHolyLandin 1900,thesameyearthaItheAmerican
Sch
lionallyplayedamajorroleinbiblicalstudies,(heirarchaeologicalactivities
in(heHolyLandsuffereda serioussetbackdue 10 (hepoliticalsituation
duringWorldWars 1 andIIIhalconlinuedwellinlothemid-twentiethcen-
tury. In spiteofthedeclineinitsarchaeologicalfield aClivilies,biblical
archaeologyremainedpart ofbiblicalstudies-atradition (hatwasand
continues 10 bestrongerth~tntheAmericanmodel.Throughoutthetwenti~
ethcentury,GennanaGldemiccurriculadearlydefinearchaeologyaspari
ofbiblicalstudies. ProgramsinbiblicalarchaeologyinGerman-speaking
countriesacademicallybelongtoProtestantorRomanCatholictheology
departmentsuntiltoday,althoughSyro-Palestinianarchaeologyoccasion-
allyistaughtinNearEasternstudiesdepanmentsaspart ofthedegree
curriculum.Historic.i1ly,biblicalarchaeologywascloselyrelatedtochurch·
sponsoredorganizationsandseenasa subfieldofOldTestamentandNew
Testamentexegesis.InGermany,biblicalarchaeologistsarestilldefinedas
biblicalhistoriansortheologianswhoapproachmaterial-cuhurestudiesin
lightoftheirrelevance 10 theBiblc,lO
'l11eBritishmodeldifferedsignificantlyfromtheAmerican,French,and
GermanexperienceduringtheperiodfromtheendofWorldWarI umilthe
1967 Si.xDayWar.Notewonhyis thekeyroleBritisharchaeologistsplayed
duringthe British Mandate perioduntil 1948. Archaeologyin Palestine
developedasa separatedisciplinein Britishacademiccirclesandsubse·
quently was lessclosely intertwined with biblical studies. The British
MandateperiodusheredinthegoldenageofBritisharchaeologyinPales-
tine,coincidingwiththeestablishmentofa BritishSchoolofArchaeologyin
1919 inJerusalem.Duringthisperiod,sevemlleadingBritisharchaeologists
ofthisgeneration,includingJohnGarstang,W.J.Phythian-Adams,andG.
LankesterHarding,servedasdirectorsofthePalestineDepartmentofAntiq-
uitiesunderBritishadministr:.ltion.Anumberofarchaeologistswhotrained
underFlindersPetrie, includingJames1.. StarkeyandOlgaTufnell,also
playedsignifiCantrolesinthedevelopmentofarchaeologybetweenthetwo
19 PierreBenoll."FrenchArc~eologisls:In&!/Icbm(lf'2f/1/nmeaPldCJdtllreAtl
IIItrcxlucllOtItoPalestillitmArclmeologyDedicatedto]osepbA Calla/my(ed.J-f.Dlinkard
Jr.G_LMaUhingly,:md1-M~hllcr:SULAUSI;Atlanta:SCholarsPress,1988).63-86.
20 Manfred \t'eippen:mdIidga Weippen,"Gcmun Archaeologists.-in Drinkard,
Manhmwy,andMiller.&·lIcbmtlrl.!sHITrmelmdCIlI/Iln',fr-l08