Higher Engineering Mathematics, Sixth Edition

(Nancy Kaufman) #1

Fourier series over any range 633


=

2
3






tsin

(
2 πnt
3

)

(
2 πn
3

) +

cos

(
2 πnt
3

)

(
2 πn
3

) 2






3

0
by parts

=

2
3







⎪⎪
⎪⎨

⎪⎪⎪

3sin2πn
(
2 πn
3

)+

cos2πn
(
2 πn
3

) 2


⎪⎪
⎪⎬

⎪⎪⎪



⎪⎪
⎪⎨

⎪⎪
⎪⎩

0 +

cos0
(
2 πn
3

) 2


⎪⎪
⎪⎬

⎪⎪
⎪⎭






= 0

bn=

2
L

∫ L 2

−L
2

f(t)sin

(
2 πnt
L

)
dt

=

2
L

∫L

0

tsin

(
2 πnt
L

)
dt

=

2
3

∫ 3

0

tsin

(
2 πnt
3

)
dt

=

2
3






−tcos

(
2 πnt
3

)

(
2 πn
3

) +

sin

(
2 πnt
3

)

(
2 πn
3

) 2






3

0
by parts

=

2
3







⎪⎪
⎪⎨

⎪⎪
⎪⎩

−3cos2πn
(
2 πn
3

) +

sin2πn
(
2 πn
3

) 2


⎪⎪
⎪⎬

⎪⎪
⎪⎭



⎪⎪
⎪⎨

⎪⎪
⎪⎩

0 +

sin0
(
2 πn
3

) 2


⎪⎪
⎪⎬

⎪⎪
⎪⎭

⎤ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ =

2
3





−3cos2πn
(
2 πn
3

)




⎦=

− 3
πn

cos2πn=

− 3
πn

Henceb 1 =


− 3
π

,b 2 =

− 3
2 π

,b 3 =

− 3
3 π

andsoon.

Thus the Fourier series for the functionf(t)intherange
0to3isgivenby:

f(t)=

3
2


3
π

[
sin

(
2 πt
3

)
+

1
2

sin

(
4 πt
3

)

+

1
3

sin

(
6 πt
3

)
+ ···

]

Now try the following exercise

Exercise 232 Further problemson Fourier
series over any rangeL


  1. The voltage from a square wave generator is
    of the form:


v(t)=

{
0 , − 10 <t< 0
5 , 0 <t< 10

and is periodic of period 20. Show that the
Fourier series for the function is given by:

v(t)=

5
2

+

10
π

[
sin

(
πt
10

)
+

1
3

sin

(
3 πt
10

)

+

1
5

sin

(
5 πt
10

)
+···

]


  1. Find the Fourier series for f(x)=x in the
    rangex=0tox=5.
    ⎡ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣
    f(x) =


5
2


5
π

[
sin

(
2 πx
5

)

+

1
2

sin

(
4 πx
5

)

+

1
3

sin

(
6 πx
5

)
+···

]

⎤ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦


  1. A periodic function of period 4 is defined by:


f(x)=

{
− 3 , − 2 <x< 0
+ 3 , 0 <x< 2

Sketch the function and obtain the Fourier
series for the function.
⎡ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣
f(x)=

12
π

(
sin

(πx
2

)

+

1
3

sin

(
3 πx
2

)

+

1
5

sin

(
5 πx
2

)
+···

)

⎤ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦
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