Teaching Critical Thinking in Psychology: A Handbook of Best Practices

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Todd J. Wilkinson et al.


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1 List all the reasons for believing the claim is true.


2 List all the reasons for questioning the claim or believing it is not true.


3 To what extent is supporting evidence presented in the article?


4 To what extent is this evidence convincing?


In addition, each group forms a consensus conclusion about the claim (e.g., that evidence


supports the conclusion that the claim likely is true, or that evidence provided to support the


claim is insufficient). As an incentive, the instructor tells students that by virtue of a class


vote, members in the group with the best presentation will receive extra credit points.


Materials include butcher paper (or equivalent) and markers. Tape should be available


as well for each group to fix their poster to a designated spot along the classroom wall for


presentations. Each group has approximately 5 mins (to be adjusted according to how


many groups there are and how much time is left before the end of class) to present the


claim itself, their evaluation of the claim, and their conclusion. Optimally, the class stands


and moves around the classroom as each group presents from their poster location, simu-


lating a poster session at a professional conference. Following the presentation of all post-


ers, each class member receives a sticky note and fixes it to the poster that represents what


she or he believes was the best thought-out evaluation (i.e., not simply the flashiest or best


designed poster). If preferred, voting also can occur in the form of a secret ballot. After the


instructor announces the winning group, discussion ensues (e.g., what makes this poster


the best?). The exercise generally takes about 2 hours to complete and works equally well


in a single 2-hour time block or spread across two 1-hour class sessions. To help students


personalize the learning acquired during the exercise, we incorporated an additional writ-


ing assignment with this activity by having students summarize what they learned and


demonstrate their critical thinking skills by re-evaluating their group’s selected claim in


individual papers.


Evaluations and Conclusions

Students (n = 33) completed evaluations of the critical thinking lab at the end of a


15-week semester in which they conducted the lab during the 3rd and 9th weeks. On a


Likert-type scale (1 = no increase, 3 = moderate amount, 5 = large amount), students


indicated that the lab increased their knowledge and skills related to critical thinking a


“moderate to large amount” (M = 3.86, SD = .78). Using items with similar response


options, students also rated the exercise as enjoyable (M = 3.98, SD = .8) and useful to


them beyond the class (M = 3.79, SD = .87).


The instructor also asked students whether they recommended the critical thinking lab


for use with future classes. All but one student recommended using the lab exercise in the


future. In addition, students made several positive comments, including that the lab “really


helps to see how others extract/critically think about these articles,” and “I think it’s good


practice for critical thinking outside of class.” Students suggested that the exercise also was


a useful way to promote collaboration and teamwork within the class. Anecdotally, stu-


dent papers revealed markedly more effective use of critical thinking skills on the second

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