Hadj-Moussa 295paysages de rencontre, Paris, CNRS (1998): 177–185; Mostefaoui, La télévi-
sion française; Madani, “Modalités et usages.”
33.ené Gallissot, R Le Maghreb de traverse (Paris: Bouchène 2000), 100. See
also Séverine Labat, Les islamistes algériens: Entre les urnes et le maquis
(Paris: Seuil, 1995).
34.ll the young men who were interviewed were educated in Arabic. A num- A
ber of them hardly speak French, though they do understand it well.
35.t is evident that this is a generalization. There are women who do not like I
MBC, even among those that do not work outside the home. However,
most women who do not like this network were educated in French.
- Pierre Bourdieu, La domination masculine (Paris: Seuil, 1998), 7.
37.t does happen that women will quite consciously impose rules or restric- I
tions upon themselves. One participant indicated that after inadvertently
viewing a risqué scene she cleansed herself with ritual ablutions.
38.e Qatar-based network al-Jazeera positioned itself from the outset Th
(1996) as a rival to MBC especially in terms of political reporting. Because
of its links with the ultra-conservative power base of Ryad, MBC has
been shaken by the irreverent and critical tone of al-Jazeera. As a num-
ber of opposition parties from different Arab countries have found a voice
through al-Jazeera, the network’s broadcasts have become a reference point
for viewers in Arab countries and viewers throughout the Arab diaspora.
It became famous during the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 1998 when it covered
“Operation Desert Storm” and its reputation was affirmed when during the
second Palestinian uprising al-Jazeera filled the void left by CNN’s refusal
to cover the Intifada. Its reputation was again boosted recently with its cov-
erage of the U.S. war against Afghanistan.
39.ccording to David Hirst, writing in A Le Monde diplomatique (“Al Jazira,
une chaîne libre au Proche-Orient: La télévision arabe qui dérange,” August
2000), the network has received more than 400 official complaints from
Arab regimes; while the U.S., through former Secretary of State Colin
Powell, asked Sheik Hamad ben Klifa el Thani to put pressure on the net-
work’s journalists (see “Critiques d’al Jazira: La liberté d’expression mena-
cée,” trans. Pierre Vanrie, al-Quds al-Arabi, 11 October 2001). - Bourdieu, La domination masculine.
41.ila Abu-Lughod, “The Objects of Soap Opera: Egyptian Television and L
the Cultural Politics of Modernity,” in Worlds Apart: Modernity through