352 Mediated Publics
7.ichael Craig Hillman, “An Autobiographical Voice: Forugh Farrokhzad,” M
in Women’s Autobiographies in Contemporary Iran, edited by Afsaneh
Najmabadi (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), 33–34.
8.ee Masserat Amir-Ebrahimi, “Transgression in Narration, the lives of Iranian S
women in cyberspace,” Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies (JMEWS) 4,
no. 3, Special Issue, edited by Nikki R. Keddie (Fall 2008): 89–118.
9.n the first decades following the Islamic Revolution, the primary moni- I
tors of public spaces were the Islamic Guard Corps [Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e
Enqilāb-e Eslāmῑ]. The youth branch of the Pasdaran [Basij] and their hard-
liner arms, such as Ansār-e Sārollāh, also may intervene in public spaces.
During the years of Khatami’s presidency (1997–2005), Pasdaran were com-
bined with the police; and women entered the police corps in 1998. During
this period, the street controls were reduced to a minimum. However,
with the election of the conservative president Mahmood Ahmadinejad to
power (2005), Islamic regulation and street control have been widely rein-
stated, with a new name: “Guidance Patrol.” Nonetheless, today they have to
bring the nature of their interventions up to date with youth’s and women’s
new appearances and behavior in public spaces, which remain much more
relaxed than they were at the beginning of the revolution.
10.ādor Ch is a long outer garment, open down the front, draped over a wom-
an’s head and extending to her feet. The loose fabric is folded so as to con-
ceal the woman’s body while keeping her face and hands exposed. Manteau
is a loose-fitting coat varying in length and thickness. Maqna’eh is a fab-
ric that is worn over a woman’s head to conceal her hair and that extends
to her chest. Fitted around the hairline to frame the face, the fabric falls
loosely from beneath the chin to the chest for the concealment of the neck
and chest as well.
11.rontline, “Muslims, Women and Islam: An Interview with Nilüfer Göle,” F
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), original airdate 9 May 2002, http://
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/muslims/interviews/gole.
html. See also Nilüfer Göle, “Islam in Public: New Visibilities and New
Imaginaries,” Public Culture 14 (2002): 173–190.
- Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut, “From Motherhood to Equal Rights Advocates: The
Weakening of Patriarchal Order,” Iranian Studies 38, no. 1 (March 2005):
46; and Jaleh Shaditalab, “Iranian Women: Rising Expectations,” Critique,
Critical Middle Eastern Studies 14, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 35–55.